外总麻醉五年制教学课件.ppt

总 结 因此，麻醉学的理论和技术，包括术前对病情的评估、人工气道的建立、器官功能的监测、心肺复苏和疼痛治疗等，不仅应用于手术中，而且已经广泛应用于手术室以外的诊疗工作中。对于临床医学生来说，无论将来从事何种专业，都可以应用麻醉学得基本理论和操作技术来处理各种临床问题。因此，学好麻醉学不仅可以拓宽临床思路，并科在临床工作中增强发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。 感谢！ 广济医院（现“浙医二院”）首任院长梅腾更先生与小患者互相鞠躬致敬 * 没有麻醉之前 * 华佗和麻沸散 * * * The Needs of The Patients and The Customers Come First The Needs of The Patients and The Customers Come First The Needs of The Patients and The Customers Come First The Needs of The Patients and The Customers Come First ANESTHESIOLOGY麻 醉  区域麻醉 疼痛与体外循环 概述、麻醉前评估 全身麻醉 概 述 麻醉定义 历史 麻醉学范畴 未来发展 定义 麻醉 anesthesia 感觉丧失，即指应用药物或其他方法来消除手术时的疼痛。 历 史 Before anesthesia, surgery was like medieval torture Drawings of dental surgery from Turkish medical manuscripts showing operation on awake-restrained patient Drawings of ophthalmic surgery--- an artist impression showing operation on awake- cooperative patient (modern drawings) Compression Anesthesia The Edwin Smith Papyrus describes 48 surgical cases done between 3000 and 2500 B.C. Although there is no specific mentioning of anesthesia, within the Papyrus there is evidence of compression anesthesia. The ancient Chinese reported the use of an anesthetic for surgery in the 2nd century B.C. Anesthesia History in Chinese Traditional Medicine Hua Tuo (145-208) is a famous physician of the Han Dynasty. He is known for the early Qi Gong exercise His name is always mentioned in relation to surgery, as he was considered the first surgeon of China. He was the first surgeon to perform a laparotomy in Chinese medical history. To release pain for his patients, he formulated an anesthetic mixture, Ma Fei San or boiled anesthetic powder preparation, which was used to provide general anesthesia. It was not until 1,600 years later, at the beginning of the 19th century that Europeans began to use general anesthesia in surgery.  mandragora 1596 Li Shi zhen in the Compendium of Materia Medica（《本草纲目》）described the role of anesthesia Datura flowers（曼陀