心脏解剖ppt课件.ppt

答 疑 THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 * The heart is a hollow muscular organ that is somewhat pyramidal in shape. It is comprised of 4 Chambers. 2 Atria and 2 Ventricles. The chambers are divided by a septum. An adult heart averages five inches in length, three inches in width, and two inches and a half in thickness (approximately the size of a clenched fist). It weighs in at approximately eleven ounces in males and nine ounces in females COOL FACTS Your heart beats about 100,000 times in one day and about 35 million times in a year. During an average lifetime, the human heart will beat more than 2.5 billion times Give a tennis ball a good, hard squeeze. Youre using about the same amount of force your heart uses to pump blood out to the body. Even at rest, the muscles of the heart work hard--twice as hard as the leg muscles of a person sprinting Your body has about 5.6 liters (6 quarts) of blood. This 5.6 liters of blood circulates through the body three times every minute. In one day, the blood travels a total of 19,000 km (12,000 miles)--thats four times the distance across the US from coast to coast. The heart pumps about 1 million barrels of blood during an average lifetime--thats enough to fill more than 3 super tankers * The muscular walls of the heart consist of three major layers. The bulk of the walls is made up of a layer of cardiac muscle and is called the myocardium. The muscle is enclosed on the outside by the epicardium and on the inside by the endocardium. The heart is also covered completely by a protective sac called the pericardium. Epicardium The outside of the myocardium is covered with a thin layer called the epicardium. This thin layer consists mostly of connective tissue and fat.  Myocardium This is the thick layer of cardiac muscle which is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of the ventricles and atria. This layer is composed almost completely of cardiomyocytes. Endocardium The inner lining of the heart is called the