自动化专业英语(习题参考解答).docVIP

自动化专业英语 姜书艳 主编 张昌华 徐心皓 何芳 编著 习题参考解答 Unit 1 A. Basic laws of Electrical Networks [EX.1] Comprehension 1. KCL: The algebraic sum of the currents entering any node is zero. KVL: The algebraic sum of the voltage around any closed path is zero. 2. Node: A point at which two or more elements have a common connection is called a node. Branches: a single path in a network composed of one simple element and the node at each end of that element. Path: If no node was encountered more than once, then the set of nodes and elements that we have passed through is defined as a path. Loop: If the node at which we started is the same as the node on which we ended, then the path is, by definition, a closed path or a loop. a path is a particular collection of branches. 3. 4, 5, We can form a path but not a loop. 4. vR2=32V, Vx=6V [EX.2] Translation from English to Chinese 1. 如果定义具有最大连接支路数的节点为参考节点，那么得到的方程相对来说比较简单。 2. 我们发现分析的主要步骤是得到含有一个未知变量的方程，该未知变量是该节点对两端的电压。 3. 然而，这个电阻相对于电路中其他的电阻来说是如此的小以至于我们可以在不引起明显误差的情况下忽略它的存在。 4. 与其他方式相比,下面这种方式在列方程时不容易犯错误.在头脑中按顺时针方向沿闭合路径走一遍,如果首先遇到的是元件标有+号的端子,就直接写下它的电压;如果首先遇到的是标有-的端子,则写下该电压的负值。 5. 正确分析电路的关键是先要在电路中规范地标出所有电压和电流。 6. 仔细写出KCL和KVL方程就可以得到正确的关系式，必要的时候，比如未知量多余最初得到的方程数时再应用欧姆定律。 7. 节点分析法基于基尔霍夫电流定律，运用节点分析法可以对不同的电路建立方程。 8. 注意，为了保持一致性，式中把所有的电流源（定义为流入节点1）放在了方程左边，把所有经过电阻流出节点1的电流放到了方程右边。 9. 在一个电路中，通过电阻的电压（称为压降），总有与电源极性相反的情况。 10. 因为电子流过一个电阻时会失去能量，因此它们会以较低的能级出现。 [EX.3] Translation from Chinese to English 1. It should be emphasized that the voltage cannot be defined in a single point - it is defined as the potential difference between two points. 2. Not all of the grounds are the ground; this fact will cause a lot of safety issues and electrical noise. 3. But as these corrosive pipes are placed by lower-cost, more modern and more non-conductive PVC piping system, the low impedance path to the ground will not exist anymore. 4. Kirchhoffs current law is based on the principle of conservation of charge, and Kirchhoffs voltage law is based on energy conservation principle