2011-Oncology-Students-SG-肿瘤学基础-英文版课件-汕大医学院.pptVIP

Oncology: Basic Concepts Student’s Study Guide What is ONCOLOGY? An area/branch of medicine that deals with the study and treatment of cancer. Onco = onkos (Greek) = tumor -logy = study of ONCOLOGIST = specialist in Oncology What is CANCER? It refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells (American Cancer Society – ACS). CANCER CELLS EXAMPLES OF CANCER WHAT CAUSES CANCER? CARCINOGEN (CARCINOGENIC - Adj) a substance or agent that causes cancer HOW? a CANCER CELLS Types of Malignant Tumors/ Cancer NAMING TUMORS EFFECTS OF TUMORS/CANCER EFFECTS OF BENIGN TUMOR Compression Obstruction Deformity They ddo not spread. Effects are usually not fatal. Effects Of Malignant Tumors (1) Effects Of Malignant Tumors (2) Effects Of Malignant Tumors (3) Damage to other organs Different symptoms will appear depending on the organ affected. DETECTING TUMORS Cancer’s Seven Warning Signals (ACS) C Change in bowel or bladder habits A A sore that does not heal U Unusual bleeding or discharge T Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere I Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing O Obvious change in a wart or mole N Nagging cough or hoarseness EXAMPLES OF HOW TO DETECT TUMORS BY PHYSICAL EXAMINATION LABORATORY PROCEDURES Biochemical Studies Biopsy and Histopathologic Examination GRADING OF TUMORS GRADE – how mature the cells are DIFFERENTATION – growth and development of the cells STAGING OF TUMORS STAGE – tells us how far the tumor has grown and spread TREATMENT FOR CANCER * * 1.They stop growing when they come in contact with each other. 2. They stay in the same organ. Normal cell behavior Cancer cells keeps on dividing and growing. They produce masses of tissue known as tumors or neoplasms. (Uncontrolled growth) Finally, they also spread to other organs (metastasis) NEOPLASIA: The process of abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells (NEOPLASTIC = adj) breast cancer prostate cancer lung cancer esoph