钢珠瑕疵检测算法的分析及fpg西a实现.docxVIP

摘要摘 摘要 摘 要 钢珠产品在自动化生产过程中会产生各种各样的质量问题，需要在瑕疵检 测环节加以去除，以保证产品生产的顺利进行。利用机器视觉技术进行产品表 面瑕疵检测，能有效的提高检测工序的准确性，实时性及可靠性，是目前工业 瑕疵检测领域研究的热点。 现有的钢珠瑕疵检测方法是基于PC机利用模板匹配算法实现。模板匹配 算法存在算法复杂，检测效率低的问题，已不能满足工业生产过程中实时检测 的需求。此外，由于采集到的钢珠图像在一定程度上存在成像过程中引入的椒 盐亮噪声，使得现有瑕疵检测方法的误检率较高。 为了解决现有瑕疵检测系统存在的问题，本文重点研究并提出了基于数学 形态学的瑕疵检测算法，在形态学梯度的基础上对钢珠瑕疵进行提取检测。针 对Otsu算法瑕疵误分割的问题，对Otsu阂值分割算法加以改进，从而提高瑕 疵分割的效果；而对于椒盐亮噪声干扰的问题，设计亮噪声滤波器提高瑕疵检 测的正确率。实验结果表明，该算法在处理速度及检测正确率上都优于现有的 模板匹配算法。 在钢珠瑕疵检测算法的基础上，本文基于FPGA平台设计构建了钢珠瑕疵 检测系统。充分利用FPGA高速并行处理的优势对系统各个处理单元进行优化 设计。处理结果与设计目标相符，逻辑正确，从硬件角度证明了本文提出的钢 珠瑕疵检测算法的可行性。结果表明，本文设计的基于FPGA的钢珠瑕疵检测 系统在处理速度上优于现有的检测系统，可以很好的满足钢珠生产中瑕疵实时 检测的需求。 关键词：瑕疵检测，数学形态学，Otsu，亮噪声滤波器，FPGA AbstractAbstract Abstract Abstract In the process of automated production,steel ball would have varied flaw problem．The flaw should be removed in the flaw detection procedure to ensure the successful production．How to well bring the machine vision technology to the application of product flaw detection is a hot research domain．Using the machine vision technology can effectively improve the detection accuracy,real-time performance and reliability of the system． ne current method of steel ball flaw detection is using the matching algorithm based on PC．The matching algorithm has high algorithm complexity and low detection efficiency problem，which Can no longer meet the need of flaw detection real-time demand．Furthermore，because of the salt noise from the imaging process the current flaw detection method has a fallout ration problem． In view of this situation,a flaw detection algorithm based on mathematical morphology is proposed．Based on the morphological gradient，the Otsu method is improved to solve the segmentation error and improving the segmentation effect．A salt noise filter is presented to reduce the affect of salt noise and enhance the flaw detection accuracy．The experiment shows that the processing speed and the accuracy ofthe flaw detection have improved compared with the current method． Based on the algorithm we put