第四节 植物种子萌发.pptx

第四节 种子萌发;An Oriental Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera);;double coconut;coralroot 珊瑚兰;Seed disposal;种子构造（一）双子叶植物;种子构造（二）双子叶植物;种子构造（三）单子叶植物;种子萌发的条件;;种子萌发的特殊要求;种子萌发的生理过程;Water during seed development, dormancy and germination;Biodiversity of the structure of mature seeds of angiosperms and the importance of the seed-covering layers The diploid embryo is surroundedby two covering layers: the triploid (in most species) endosperm (nutritive tissue; mostly living cells) and the diploid testa (seed coat; maternal tissue; mostly dead cells). In several species the endosperm is completely obliterated during seed development and the nutrients are translocated to storage cotyledons. Mature seeds of (a) pea (Pisum sativum) (without endosperm) and (b) Arabidopsis thaliana (single cell layer of endosperm) are characterized by embryos with storage cotyledons. The micropylar endosperm (several cell layers) is known to be a germination constraint of Solanaceae seeds (c, d). FA2 and LA are seed types (see Fig. 3). Part (c) is modified from Watkins Cantliffe (1983) and reprinted with permission from the American Society of Plant Biologists. Parts (a), (b) and (d) are modified from ‘The Seed Biology Place’ (http://www.seedbiology.de).;Seeds of Lepidium sativum（独行菜） and Arabidopsis thaliana have similar seed anatomy and similar germination physiology;烟草种子的构造;Stages in the germination of tobacco seed;The time course of ?Glu I induction during tobacco seed germination ;Working model for tobacco seed germination ;Summary of the hormonal regulation of tobacco seed dormancy release, seed germination and ?Glu I expression. ;Model for the regulation of dormancy and germination by ABA and GA in response to the environment According to this model, ambient environmental factors (e.g. temperature) affect the ABA:GA balance andthe sensitivity to these hormones. ABA synthesis and signalling (GA catabolism) dominate the dormant state, whereas GA synthesis and signalling (ABA catabolism) dominate th