英文材料补充-chapter2.doc

Smith, Adam (1723 -90) Personal background ·born before 5 June 1723 in Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scoland, the son of a customs offical ·educated at University of Glasgow, 1737-40 ·Snell Exhibitioner, Balliol College, Oxford, 1740-6 ·professor at University of Glasgow, 1751-64 ·tutor to the Duke fo Buccleuch, 1764-6 ·Commissioner of Customs, 1778 ·died in Edinburgh on 17 July 1790 of stomach cancer ?Major works The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759) Lectures on Jurisprudence (1762-3; first published 1978) The Wealth of Nations (1776) ?Summary Adam Smith, the leading figure in the classical school of economics and prominent in the Scottish Enlightenment, is one of the few economists to be credited with founding economics. In his compendious work, The Wealth of Nations, he integrated the information and ideas provided by historical and contemporary authors explain how an economy operates and how it can grow. He set out a system of natural liberty for an economy, justified free trade and inspired subsequent value and distribution theories. Both socialist and libertarian economists look to him as a precursor. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) Personal background ·born 28 March 1856 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, into a middle-class Quaker family, but did not go to college ·trained as an apprentice and eventually studied at night school ·married Louise M. Spooner, 1884 ·developed what he called the‘scientific’study of work ·formative influence on work-study and industrial engineering ·early death in Philadelphia on 21 March 1915 from Pneumonia ?Major works Shop Management (1903) The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) Two Papers on Scientific Management (1919) ?Summary F.W. Taylor (1856～1915) was the initiator of scientific management and a majorinfluence on the development of production management as a subject. He set out to systematize the study of workflow organization by breaking tasks into minute detail and devising ways to speed up their accomplishment. Taylor ai