英语人教版九年级全册定语从句讲解.docVIP

定语从句 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、动词不定式以及介词短语来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词从句。定语从句可用来修饰名词、代词或整个句子。 一、先行词与关系词 在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语丢失的名词、代词称为先行词。之所以称它为先行词，是因为先行词重视出现在定语从句之前。 引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能分为关系代词或关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中作状语。 Eg， Don’t forget the book that/which I told you to bring. ( the book 为先行词，that/which 为关系代词) I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today. ( the reason 为先行词，why 为关系副词) 二、关系词的种类 1、常见的关系代词 指代对象格 指代人 指代物 既可指人也可指物 主格 who，that which，that that 宾格 whom，that which，that that 所有格 whose whose whose Eg，Our chemistry teacher is a man who/that can make his class lovely and interesting. （主格 who/that 在定语从句作主语，指代 a man） Mr White invited many friends to his party whom/who/that he respected much. (宾格 whom/who/that 在定语从句中作respected的宾语，指代 many friends) 2、常见的关系副词 指代对象 先行词 关系副词及相应介词结构 时间 day，year，date，time等 when，during，which time 地点 the place，the city，Beiing等 where，in which，from which 原因 the reason why，for which Eg， Make marks in places where you have questions. (where 为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语) I still remember the time when we first met scores of years ago. (when 为关系副词，在定语才能根据中作时间状语) 三、关系词的用法 1，关系代词的用法 关系代词在定语中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系代词主要起到三种功能：代替先行词、在定语从句中作成分、连接先行词和定语从句。 that 的用法： that 指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可以做表语。作宾语或表语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that 之前，需要用which或whom代替。 Eg，Who is the person that is teaching you English? (作主语) The picture that we are looking for was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.(作宾语，可省略) Who，whom的用法： 二者都用于指人。Who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，whom 在定语从句中作宾语。在现代英语里，who也可以代替whom在从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系代词除外，且如有介词不可用who） Eg，He didn’t become a person who/that his father wanted him to be.(作表语) He is the man who/that lives next door.(作主语) I happened to meet the professor who/whom/that I got to know at a party.(作宾语，可省略) I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.(作宾语，不可用who代替) Which 的用法： Which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语的关系代词which可以省略（放在介词后除外）。 Eg，The river whic/that runs t