第09讲 被动语态的翻译（下）.docVIP

第九讲：被动语态（下） 上次我们讲了被动语态翻译中的两种方式，一种是译成汉语的主动句，一种是译成汉语的被动句。现在，我想给大家讲解的是另两种情况， it引起的被动语态惯用语的翻译和其他被动语态结构翻译的问题。这种结构中，一般it作为句子的形式主语，谓语为被动语态，他的后面接有由that引起的主语从句。一般情况下，我们需要把他们译为汉语的主动结构。很多情况下，译文主语需要这样来确定：要么删去不说，要么需要根据上下文，补充“据”字的结构，要么需要补充“人们”、“我们”、“大家”、“有人”等泛指代词。这就是it引起的被动语态翻译的一般方法，其实还是比较简单的。举例如下：Formerly it was believed from experimental evidence that the introduction of gall stone into the gall bladder of an animal would result in carcinoma. This is a mistake.根据实验资料，过去曾认为将胆石置于东如胆囊中可造成胆囊癌。这实属误解。It is known that left bentricular end-diastolic pressure and volume are reduced after treatment with nitroglycerin.据悉在患者接受硝酸甘油治疗后，舒张末期左心室内压及容积都会降低。类似于这样被动语态作谓语，以形式主语为前导的结构很多很多。现在总结如下，我这里是精挑的一些，太简单的就不影响大家视线了哈：It is generally accepted that…普遍认为，大家公认It should be added that…还得指出It must be admitted that…必须承认It is alleged that…据说It can be argued that…人们可能这样辩解It can be asserted that…可以断言It is assumed that…假设，设想It has been calculated that…据计算It is considered that…人们认为，据估计It is demonstrated that…据证实It is enumerated that…据统计It is felt that…人们认为，有人感到It is hypothesized that…假设It has been illustrated that…据说明It is inferred that…据推断It must be kept in mind that…必须记住It is mentioned that…据说It has been observed that…已观察到It is outlined that…概括地讲It must be pointed out that…必须指出It is postulated that…假定It is generally recognized that…一般普遍认为It is recommended that…有人推荐It is reported that…据报告说It is refuted that…人们反驳说It may be safely said that…可以有把握地说It need not be said that…不用说It is stressed that…人们强调说It is weighed that…已经考虑到下面再讲讲被动语态结构翻译方法的一些其他问题。有以下几种类型的翻译法：1. have (get) + 宾语（名词或者代词）+过去分词这种结构往往表达出一种被动的意味，在英译汉中可以按照以下两种处理方式来翻译：1.1 宾语对主语有隶属关系这里所谓的隶属关系可能是具体的实物，如人与人体的器官，也可能不是具体的实物。翻译时采取主动句式，或者采用含有“给”、“让”、“被”等字样的被动结构。All patients had their serological determinations done prior to admission.所有的病人在入院前都曾做了血清学测定。如果按照主动句式翻译的话，应该是：…都给做了血清学测定。但是，如果加给宾语的动作不是出于主语的意愿，就应该翻译为带有“被”字结构的被动语态。The patient had his right leg broken when an automobile ran over him.这个病人被汽车轧断了右腿。