工程数学--微分方程.ppt

* Example 6 (text, page 58) check the singular point 0 ? x ? 1 x 1 from initial condition 要求 y(x) 在 x = 1 的地方為 continuous * 2-3-5 名詞和定義 (1) transient term, stable term Example 5 (text page 58) 的解為 : transient term 當 x 很大時會消失 x ?1: stable term y x?1 x-axis * (2) piecewise continuous A function g(x) is piecewise continuous in the region of [x1, x2] if g(x) exists for any x ? [x1, x2]. In Example 6, f(x) is piecewise continuous in the region of [0, 1) or (1, ?) (3) Integral (積分) 有時又被稱作 antiderivative (4) error function complementary error function * (5) sine integral function Fresnel integral function (6) f(x) 常被稱作 input 或 deriving function Solution y(x) 常被稱作 output 或 response * When is not easy to calculate: Try to calculate 2-3-6 小技巧 Example: (not linear, not separable) (linear) (implicit solution) * 2-3-6 本節要注意的地方 (1) 要先將 linear 1st order DE 變成 standard form (2) 別忘了 singular point 注意：singular point 和 Section 2-2 提到的 singular solution 不同 (3) 記熟公式 或 (4) 計算時， 的常數項可以忽略 * 最上策： realize + remember it 上策： realize it 中策： remember it 下策： read it without realization and remembrance 最下策： rest z…..z..…z…… 太多公式和算法，怎麼辦？ * Chapter 3 Modeling with First-Order Differential Equations 應用題 Convert a question into a 1st order DE. 將問題翻譯成數學式 (2) Many of the DEs can be solved by Separable variable method or Linear equation method (with integration table remembrance) * 3-1 Linear Models Growth and Decay (Examples 1~3) Change the Temperature (Example 4) Mixtures (Example 5) Series Circuit (Example 6) 可以用 Section 2-3 的方法來解 * 翻譯 ? A(0) = P0 翻譯 ? A(1) = 3P0/2 翻譯 ? k is a constant 這裡將課本的 P(t) 改成 A(t) 翻譯 ? find t such that A(t) = 3P0 Example 1 (an example of growth and decay, text page 83) Initial: A culture (培養皿) initially has P0 number of bacteria. The other initial condition: At t = 1 h, the number of bacteria is measured to be 3P0/2.