认识群体和管理工作团队.ppt

Research has looked at group cohesiveness, the degree to which members are attracted to one another and share the group’s goals. The more that members are attracted to one another and the more that a group’s goals align with each individual’s goals, the greater the group’s cohesiveness. * When companies like W. L. Gore, Volvo, and Kraft Foods introduced teams into their production processes, it made news because no one else was doing it. Today, it’s just the opposite—the organization that doesn’t use teams would be newsworthy. It’s estimated that some 80 percent of Fortune 500 companies have at least half of their employees on teams. And over 70 percent of U.S. manufacturers use work teams * When work teams first became popular, most were problem-solving teams, which are teams from the same department or functional area involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems. Members share ideas or offer suggestions on how work processes and methods can be improved. A self-managed work team is a formal group of employees who operate without a manager and are responsible for a complete work process or segment. A self-managed team is responsible for getting the work done and for managing themselves * The third type of team is the cross-functional team, which we introduced in Chapter 5 and defined as a work team composed of individuals from various specialties. Many organizations use cross-functional teams. The final type of team is the virtual team, which is a team that uses technology to link physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal. For instance, a virtual team at Boeing-Rocketdyne played a pivotal role in developing a radically new product. * * 二、常见的团队类型 问题解决型 自我管理型 跨功能型 虚拟型 ？ 问题解决型团队 来自于相同部门或职能领域的员工聚在一起讨论如何改善工作活动或是解决特定问题 （同一部门的5-12人组成，定期讨论提高产品质量、生产率等问题，只有建议权。如，质量圈） 自我管理型团队 在没有管理者对整个工作过程负责的情况下向组织内外用户提供产品和服务。 10-15人组成，承担以前自己的上司的责任，如，工作任务分配、控制工作节奏、绩效评估 自我管理型团队与传统的工作群体的区别 自我管理型团队 传统的工作群体 客户导向 管理导向 多种技能的团队成员 一群独立的专业人员 信息得