第一章-流行病学绪论.pptVIP

分支学科进展 人类基因组流行病学 现场流行病学 管理流行病学 宏观流行病学 循证医学和循证保健 心理社会流行病学 …… * * .au/ideas/downloads/tb_community.pdf 3、 展望 宏观与微观并举 传染病和非传染病并重 重视人群健康和生活质量研究 发展应急和现场流行病学 流行病学研究中伦理学问题日益得到关注 强化流行病学在循证实践中的作用 流行病学的地位和作用 Epidemiology is seemingly nowhere but everywhere; It is seemingly not doing anything but doing everything. 不在而无不在 无为而无不为 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 ---屈原 与同学们共勉 流行病学起源于对传染病的控制 在研究传染病流行中发展完善 在研究控制非传染性疾病中方法学不断发展 与其他学科的交叉时发展迅速 应用越来越广泛 作为应用学科的特征仍然十分重要 作为方法学的特征也越发凸现 小 结 * * * * Sir Austin Bradford Hill and Sir Richard Doll More than anybody else Richard Doll has stopped doctors pontificating without any evidence. Together with the father of medical statistics, Austin Bradford Hill, he introduced the randomised controlled trial: a method of assessing a treatment or procedure that is one of the most important medical developments of the century. Doll and Hill were also the first to show the connection between cigarette smoking and many serious diseases, particularly lung cancer and heart disease. Austin Bradford-Hill. He was a professor of statistics at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. * 下图就是1954年使用的疫苗小瓶（Vials of polio vaccine, 1954 ） SALK, Jonas Edward (1914–95), American physician and epidemiologist, who developed the first vaccine against POLIOMYELITIS. Born in New York City, Salk received an M.D. from New York University in 1939 and was appointed assistant professor of epidemiology at the University of Michigan. In 1947 he became head of the virus research laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh and was later research professor of bacteriology (1949–54), professor of preventive medicine and chairman of the department (1954–56), and professor of experimental medicine (1957–63). Salk’s work in the 1940s on an anti-influenza vaccine led him and his colleagues to develop an inactivated vaccine against polio in 1952. After successful wide-scale testing in 1954, the vaccine was distributed nationall