区块链技术讲义.pptx

1 区块链技术 2 Bitcoin Consensus What data does each node store at its local storage? What does they do? fully validating nodes Complete blockchain The chain of the blockheads The transactions o the blockchain The list of UTXO (Unspent Transaction Output) To proceeds the transactions quickly Transaction Pool The node will select transactions from transaction pool and mine. lightweight nodes（Thin Clients or Simplified Payment Verification (SPV) Clients）： The complete chain of the block heads They only store the pieces that they need to verify specific transactions that they care about Does not mine 3 How does each node make sure that his local block chain is consistent with that of the major nodes in the system? Distributed Consensus Distributed Consensus Protocol There are n nodes that each have an input value. Some of these nodes are faulty or malicious. A distributed consensus protocol has the following two properties: It must terminate with all honest nodes in agreement on the value The value must have been generated by an honest node Bitcoin Consensus 4 The target of Bitcoin consensus: At any moment, all nodes in the Bitcoin Network agrees on a series of blocks, and the transactions in these blocks. Question： A new block candidate is found and broadcast, some nodes receive and accept this new block, while others did not. What is the state? If there are multiple such blocks, what is the state? It must happens, since it is a p2p network Bitcoin Consensus 5 0 1 100 …… 101 Tx1 Tx2 102 Tx3 Tx4 Tx21,Tx22,Tx23 0 1 100 …… 101 Tx1 Tx2 102 Tx3 Tx4 Tx31,Tx32,Tx33 0 1 100 …… 101 Tx5 Tx6 102 Tx7 Tx8 Tx51,Tx52,Tx53 Bitcoin Consensus 6 Bitcoin Consensus Who proposes the new block (the content of the blockchain)? The miners compete by computing hash, and broadcast the valid candidate to the Bitcoin Network Who decides whether the new block is accepted by whole bitcoin network? No discussion and negotiation, since the nodes does not trust each other Implicit consensus：each node make