2020高考英语新增分方案大一轮复习外研新课改省份专用讲义：语法 专题八 定语从句 含答案.docVIP

专题八定语从句 关系代词 关系代词 先行词 句法功能 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语 whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose (＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) which 物 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) as 人或物 主语、宾语 Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster. 每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。 My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home. 我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。 1．关系代词that与which的用法 (1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况： ①先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ ②先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 ③先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 ④定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪辆是你丢的自行车？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？ ⑤有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. 他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会造成污染的东西。 ⑥当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 ⑦主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。 There is a seat in the corner that is still available. 在那个角落还有一个座位可用。 (2)只用which不用that的情况： ①引导非限制性定语从句。 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. 海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。 ②关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 ③引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。 The result was not the same as they had expected, which was rather disappointing. 结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。 2．which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, rememb