《物理学教学分析》introductiontoquantummechanics.pptx

Introduction to quantum mechanics;26.1 Operator and physical quantity;Operator represents certain kind of mathematical operation which applies on one function and leads to another function in result. ;The eigen equation of operator F;In quantum mechanics, all the physical quantities are expressed by operators. ;If there is a classical expression of quantity F: F=F(x,p), then the corresponding operator expression in quantum mechanics can be written as: ;classical energy;in 3 dimensional coordinates:;26.2 Schr?dinger equation;derive Hamiltonian for the system according to different conditions; set up Schr?dinger equation; solve Schr?dinger equation to get energies and wavefunctions; all other physical informations can easily derived after wavefunction is obtained.;is the probability of finding particle in the unit volume about the certain point.;26.3 One dimensional potential well;;outside box region:;inside box region:;solution:;;;;;26.4 Hydrogen atom ;Cartesian coordinates;;26.5 Quantum numbers and atomic orbitals;The trick to solve this Sch. eq. :;equation for ;In addition, electrons have spin angular momentum, and the z-component of which has two possible values:;4 quantum numbers are required to mark each orbital.;Exe -1-;Exe -2-