曼哈顿计划英语讲解专题课件.ppt

One of the greatest project---- Manhattan Project DIRECTORY Manhattan Project Bomb design concepts Fat Man Proposals The?Manhattan Project?was a research and development project that produced the first?atomic bombs?during World War II. Time:1942 to 1946, Leader:?Major General?Leslie Groves The Army component of the project was designated the?Manhattan District; Manhattan gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people. Cost :US$2?billion (about $26?billion dollars today). Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and producing the fisionable materials, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Proposals A 1940 meeting at Berkeley with (from left to right)?Ernest O. Lawrence,?Arthur H. Compton,Vannevar Bush,?James B. Conant,?Karl T. Compton, and?Alfred L. Loomis Different fission [f?’ ?(?)n] bomb assembly methods explored during the July 1942 conference Military Policy Committee ?Bush felt that more aggressive leadership was required. Bush became dissatisfied with Colonel Marshalls failure to get the project moving forward. He assumed command of the Manhattan Project on 23 September. A bomb (pressure vessel) containing uranium halide and sacrificial metal, probably magnesium, being lowered into a furnac . After the reaction, the interior of a bomb coated with remnant slag?.(炉渣） A uranium metal biscuit from the reduction?reaction.? Bomb design concepts pressure vessel slag redution 【DIRECTORY】 X-10 Graphite Reactor（反应堆） Hanford Reactors Fat Man Filling plutonium-239 Filling?weight 6.2kg Blast?yield 21?kt?(88?TJ) ~75 Million sticks of dynamite .[?da?n??ma?t] It was the second of two nuclear weapons to be used in warfare to date (the other being Little Boy), and its d