Chapter 36 Non-homogeneous equations：36章非齐次方程.pdfVIP

Chapter 3.6: Non-homogeneous equations So far, we have looked at homogeneous equa- tions [] = + () + () = 0 Homogeneous means that the right side is zero. Linear homogeneous equations satisfy the su- perposition principle: sums of solutions are so- lutions. We now look at non-homogeneous equations: [] = + () + () = () where the RHS is not necessarily zero. 1 The New Issue It is: Find a solution of an inhomogeneous equation, say (): [ ] = + () + () = () The general solution is then: () = () + 11() + 22 () where 1 2 are a fundamental set of solutions of the homogeneous equation [] = 0 Reason: [] = [ ] + [11 + 22] = [ ] + 0 = 2 General solution Let’s make sure that () = () + 11() + 22 () is the general solution of [] = . Suppose you have another, say . Then [] = = [] = [ ] = 0 = = 11 + 22 for some 1 2 , since solves the homo- geneous equation, and the RHS is the general solution. 3 How to solve [ ] = The first method is the method of undeter- mined coefficients = MUC. It only applies when you know in advance what kind of solution the equation will have. In the next chapter, a more systematic method, variation of parameters, will be used. But for special equations such as constant co- efficient equations, where the RHS is an ex- ponential function, MUC is quicker. This