英语基础知识(四)—对句子的基本认识.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 英语基础知识(四)——对句子的基本认识及句子成分 对句子的基本认识 无论词数多少，只要有主语与谓语而且能表达完整意义的一句话即是句子。如： (1) Life is short.生命是短暂的。 (2) The poor old man with white hair and a white beard who is reading a book in his left hand lives alone in the little cottage at the foot of the hill behind my house.那个白头发、白胡子、左手里拿着一本书在看的可怜的老人单独住在我家屋后那个山脚下的那间小茅草屋里。 一、对于句子应有的基本认识 1.句子虽然必须具备主语与谓语，但有时由于语言的习惯而被省略某一部分，或两者同时被省略。如： (1) Come in, please. 请进来。（祈使句，省略了主语） (2) —Who will come to see you this afternoon? 今天下午谁要来看你？ —My mother.我母亲。（答复询问句，省略了谓语） (3) What a pretty bird! 多美丽的小鸟啊！（感叹句，省略了主语和谓语） 2. 有时候一个词即可成为句子，因为它具备了主语与谓语，且能表达完整的意思；有时候成群的词却不能成为句子，因为它没有具备主语与谓语，因此：句子的成立与否，与词数的多少毫无关系。如： (1) Hide. 躲起来。（句子） (2) The poor old man with white hair and a white beard who is reading a book in his left hand白头发、白胡子、左手里拿着一本书在看的那个可怜的老人 (不是句子) (3) The poor old man with white hair and a white beard who is reading a book in his left hand lives alone in the little cottage at the foot of the hill behind my house.那个白头发、白胡子、左手里拿着一本书在看的可怜的老人单独住在我家屋后那个山脚下的那间小茅草屋里。(句子) 3. 同一个主语不可有两个谓语，除非其中有并列连词。 (1) a. I hate write letters.× 我讨厌写信。 b. I hate writing letters.√ (2) a. He eats, drinks, plays all day long.× 他终日吃喝玩乐。 b. He eats, drinks and plays all day long.√ (3) I neither lend money nor borrow money.√ 我既不借钱给人，也不向人借钱。 4.不要把从句的主语或谓语当作主句的主语或谓语。 主句与分句都要具备主语与谓语已如前述。但：主句与从句均各有其主语与谓语，二者绝不可合用同一个主语和谓语。例如： (1) a. Those eat too much will easily get sick.× b. Those who eat too much will easily get sick.√ (吃得太多的人容易生病) (2) a. A man who is diligent. (不是句子) b. A man who is diligent to succeed.× C.A man who is diligent will succeed.√ 勤勉的人会成功的。 Children’s Gifts It was Christmas 1961. I was teaching in a small town in Ohio where my twenty seven thirdgraders eagerly anticipated the great day of gifts giving. Each day the children produced some new little things—strings of popcorn, hand-made trinkets, and German bells made from wallpaper samples, which we hung from the ceiling. Through it all she remained aloof, watching from afar