软工专业英语 (5).pptVIP

* * * CONCEPTS 1. Describe the short-term goal of artificial intelligence research. 2. What aspects of the intelligent system research mainly focus on? 3. Describe the long-term goal of artificial intelligence research. 4. Explain social intelligence, creativity, and general intelligence. * * * * 5.3 MAJOR RESEARCHES ON AI 5.3.1 Deduction, Reasoning and Problem Solving 5.3.2 Knowledge Representation 5.3.3 Automated Planning and Scheduling 5.3.4 Machine Learning 5.3.5 Natural Language Processing 5.3.6 Robotics 5.3.7 AI Game * * * 5.3.1 Deduction, Reasoning and Problem Solving Early AI researchers developed algorithms that imitated the step-by-step reasoning that humans use when they solve puzzles or make logical deductions. By the late 1980s and 1990s, AI research had also developed highly successful methods for dealing with uncertain or incomplete information, employing concepts from probability and economics. For difficult problems, most of these algorithms can require enormous computational resources—most experience a “combinatorial explosion”: the amount of memory or computer time required becomes astronomical when the problem goes beyond a certain size. * * * * * 5.3.2 Knowledge Representation Knowledge representation is the field of artificial intelligence that focuses on designing computer representations that capture information about the world that can be used to solve complex problems. procedural code Not the best formalism to solve complex problems Knowledge representation Makes complex software easier to define and maintain better * * * 5.3.3 Automated Planning and Scheduling * Automated planning and scheduling, in the relevant literature often denoted as simply planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, such as, autonomous robots unmanned vehicles Google’s self-driving car * * * 5.3.3 Automated Planning and Scheduling Unlike clas