基础语音EnglishPhonology---（精选）公开课件.pptVIP

English Phonology Grade: 2007 Class: English Education Liaoning Chinese Medical Class Textbook: A Handbook of English Pronunciation Exercises for First-Year College Students (by Zhang Guanlin) Instructor: Hu Xiaojiao Dalian University of Foreign Languages Chapter I Phoneme and Transcription I. Phoneme and Transcription Phonetics is the branch of linguistics which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of language. Different branches of general linguistics: phonetics phonology: ~ is the branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of languages. Morphology: ~ studies the form of words. Syntax: ~ studies the rules governing the combination of words into sentences. Semantics: ~ studies the meaning of language. II. General Introduction IPA（International Phonetic Association）in the year 1888 based on RP（Received Pronunciation） List of Phonetic Symbols （P1） Phoneme and Phonology Phoneme （48）[self-reading task p1~3] III. The Classification of Pure Vowels Three factors were employed to distinguish between vowels. They are: The height of tongue raising（high, mid, low） The position of the highest part of the tongue（front, central, back） The degree of lip rounding （rounded, unrounded, neutral） E.g. [i:] —unrounded high front vowel [?:] —unrounded mid central vowel Front Vowels, central vowels and back vowels Front vowels: /i:/, /i/, /e/, /?/ Central vowels: /Λ/, /?/, /?:/ Back vowels: /α:/, /?/, / ? :/, /u/, /u:/ Rounded vowels, unrounded vowels, and neutral vowels Rounded vowels: /?/, / ? :/, /u/, /u:/ Unrounded vowels: /i:/, /?:/ Neutral vowels: /i/, /e/, /?/, /Λ/, /?/, /α/ IV. The Classification of Diphthongs The Closing Diphthongs: /ei/, /