chap007-初建环-国际市场营销.pptVIP

(1) Common law, 英美法系derived from English law and found in England, the United States, Canada, and other countries once under English influence (2) Civil or code law, 大陆法系derived from Roman law and found in Germany, Japan, France, and in non-Islamic and non--Marxist countries (3) Islamic law, 伊斯兰法系derived from the interpretation of the Koran and found in Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and other Islamic states (4) A commercial legal system in the Marxist-socialist economies 马克思-社会主义原则商法体系of Russia and the republics of the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, whose legal system is based on the economic, political, and social policies of the state The basis for common law is tradition, past practices, and legal precedents set by the courts through interpretations of statutes, legal legislation, and past rulings 英美法系的基础是传统、过去的做法以及法院通过对条例、法规与过去的裁决的解释而所做的判例。 Code law is based on an all-inclusive system of written rules (codes) of law 大陆法则建立在成文法这一无所不包的体系之上。 Under code law, the legal system is generally divided into three separate codes: (1) Commercial code 商法 (2) Civil code, 民法 and (3) Criminal code 刑法 It encompasses religious duties and obligations and patterns of social and economic behavior for all individuals包含宗教职责与义务，也包括非宗教的对人类行为的法律制约 It includes issues such as property rights, economic decision making, and types of economic freedom 包括诸如产权、经济决策和经济自由化类型等问题。 The overriding objective of the Islamic system is social justice 伊斯兰法系的首要目标是社会正义 Islamic law prohibits the payment of interest 伊斯兰法禁止支付利息 Islamic doctrine advocates risk sharing, individuals’ rights and duties, property rights, and the sanctity of contract 主张风险分摊、个人权力与义务、产权以及合同的神圣性 Emphasis placed on the ethical, moral, social, and religious dimensions to enhance equality and fairness for the good of society 强调伦理、道德、社会与宗教等因素以促进社会平等与公正 Prohibits investment in activities that violate the Shari’ah, e.g., business dealing with alcohol, gambling, and casinos 禁止那些违反伊斯兰教规的活动，如禁止投资经营酒、赌博及卡西诺赌场。 With the collapse of co