细胞生物学第十三章 程序性细胞死亡与细胞衰老.pptxVIP

CELL BIOLOGYChapter 13Programmed Cell Death andCell AgeingSection 1: Programmed Cell DeathProgrammed Cell DeathApoptosis: 细胞凋亡Three ways ofNecrosis: 细胞坏死animal celldeathAutophagy: 细胞自噬Programmed Cell DeathApoptosisHistory:Kerr, observance, 1965; Definition in 1972.Conception:apoptosis（apo-ptosis）: 源自古希腊语 (falling off)，意指花瓣或树叶的脱落、凋零。Interchangeably with“programmed cell death”: The cells activate anintracellular death program and kill themselves in acontrolled way.Programmed Cell DeathMorphological features duringthe programmed cell death(1) Initiation： the disappearance of the cell surfacestructure such as microvilli, the loss of cell contaction, themild convolution of the ER with plasm, the cytoskeletoncollapse, the disassembles of the nuclear envelope andchromatin compaction and segregation.Programmed Cell DeathMorphological features duringthe programmed cell death（2）Formation of the apoptotic bodies: nuclearchromatin break up into fragments, the cell surface blebsand the cell breaks up into membrane-enclosedfragments called apoptotic bodies.Programmed Cell DeathMorphological features duringthe programmed cell death（3）Engulf: owing to the loss of contaction with theneighboring cell, the apoptotic bodies will quickly beengulfed by neighboring cell or macrophages before theircontent to be spilled out.Programmed Cell DeathThe typical feature of the programmed celldeathThe neat death without content spilling.No damaging inflammatory responseATP-depending cell self-killingOwing to the above features, the apoptosis has beenoverlooked for a long time.Programmed Cell DeathBiological significance of cellapoptosisDuring animal development, programmed cell death eliminates nolonger needed structure. For example, When a tadpole changesinto a frog at metamorphosis, the cell in the tail die, and the tail,which is not needed in the frog, disappears.Programmed Cell DeathBiological significance of cellapoptosisDuring animal development, programmed cell death eliminates unwantedcell