细胞生物学第八章 细胞信号转导.pptxVIP

细胞信号转导与蛋白质互作 Signal transduction and Protein-Protein Interactions 图 : 细胞表面受体转导胞外信号引发两类主要反应, 简称 (短期) 快反应和（长期）慢反应 Cell signaling can affect virtually every aspect of cell structure and function: Importance of Signal Transduction Development Apoptosis Signal Transduction Cell Growth Immunology Metabolism 4 Activation of enzyme activity; Change in cytoskeletal organization; Change in ion permeability; Initiation of DNA synthesis; Activation or repression of gene expression. The Complete of Human Genome Project Analysis of this rich source information Many areas in Medicine and Biology Especially Cell Signaling Such As GPCR, RTK and so on DNA双螺旋模型的发现者，现年79岁的Watson于今年5月30日 在美国贝勒大学获得美国“454生命科技公司”为他破译的“个 人版”基因图谱(2套染色体60亿碱基对). 1. Overview of intercellular signaling General schemes of intercellular signaling (1) Four features of signal-transducing systems Four general types of signal transducers (1) (2/3) (4) Signaling pathways consist of a series of steps 1. Recognition of the stimulus by a specific plasma membrane receptor. 2. Transfer of a signal across the plasma membrane. 3. Signal magnification: signal magnification Transmission of the signal to effector molecules within the cell, which causes a change in cellular activities. 4. Cessation of the cellular response due to inactivation of the signal molecule. Two types of intracellular signaling proteins that act as Molecular Switches. ™Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation ™GTP binding activate G-protein; via protein kinases and phosphatases. GTP hydrolysis inactivates G-protein; Thereby stimulating or inhibiting the activities The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1992 “for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism” The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1994 (NIH.1970s) “for their discoveries of G- proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells” G-protein activation and inactivation cycle The accessory proteins for cycling of G-pr