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Chapter 6Energy Generation inMitochondria and Chloroplasts(1) Mitochondria: in all eukaryotic cellsThe relationship between the structure and function of mit.(2) Chloroplasts: in plant cellsThe relationship between the structure and function of chl.Mit: Oxidative phosphorylation→ ATPChl: Photosynthesis→ ATP+NADPH→ Sugar1. Mitochondria and oxidative phosphorylationA. Mitochondrial structure and function?The size and number of mitochondria reflectthe energy requirements of the cell.?Inner and outer mitochondrial membranes enclosetwo spaces: the matrix and intermembrane space.Outer membrane:Contains channel-forming protein, called Porin.Permeable to all molecules of 5000 daltons or less.Inner membrane (Impermeability):Contains proteins with three types of functions:(1) Electron-transport chain: Carry out oxidation reactions;(2) ATP synthase: Makes ATP in the matrix;(3) Transport proteins: Allow the passage of metabolitesIntermembrane space:Contains several enzymes use ATP to phosphorylateother nucleotides.Matrix: Enzymes; Mit DNA, Ribosomes, etc.B. Specific functions localized within the Mit bydisruption of the organelle and fractionationLocalization of metabolic functions within the mitochondrionInner membrane:Electron transportOuter membrane:Phospholipid synthesisfatty acid desaturationFatty acid elongationOxidative phosphorylationMetabolite transportCardiolipin/TPL(20%)Marker:monoamine oxidaseMarker:cytochrome oxidaseMatrix ：Pyruvate oxidationTCA cycle? oxidation of fatsIntermembrane spaceNucleotide phosphorylationMarker: adenylate kinaseDNA replication, RNA transcription,Protein translationMarker: MDH2. Molecular basis of oxidativephosphorylationA. Molecular basis of oxidation: Electron-transport chainB. Molecular basis of phosphorylation:ATP synthase? The structure of the ATP synthaseF particle is the catalytic subunit;1The F particle attaches to F and is01embedded in the inner membrane.F : 5 subunits in1the ratio3α:3β:1γ:1δ:1εF 1a：2b：12c0:?F1 particles have ATP s
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