集美大学船舶操纵与避碰英文课件2.ppt

1 propulsion and speed Ship maneuvering motion Propulsion Speed of ship Transverse Thrust The stopping of ships Speed measurement and stopping test 1.1 Ship maneuvering motion 6 degrees of freedom: surging swaying heaving yawing Rolling and pitching 1.1 Ship maneuvering motion Coordinate system 1.1 Ship maneuvering motion The equations of ship maneuvering motion F=ma (1.1) 1.1 Ship maneuvering motion u , v - velocity components in x ,y direction r -the rate of turn about z-axis. M - mass of the ship Izz - moment of inertia about the z-axis. X, Y- external force in x,y directions N- moment component about z-axis. 1.1 Ship maneuvering motion X, Y, and N, are composed of: (1) aerodynamic force acting on the above water portion of the ship hull; (2) hydrodynamic force acting on the wetted portion of the ship hull; (3) propeller thrust and rudder force; (4) other kinds of external forces; for instance, towing or pushing force by tug boat. 1.2 Propulsion X=T-R (1-5) T is the thrust generated by propulsion devices; R is the resistance acting on ship 1.2.1 Resistance R= R0 +ΔR (1.6) R0 -- primary resistance ΔR -- additional resistance 1.2.1 Resistance R0=Rf+Rr=Rf+Re+Rw (1.7) Rf frictional resistance Rr residual resistance Rw wave making resistance Re eddy-making resistance. 1.2.1 Resistance The additional resistanceΔR ΔR=Ra+RF+RA+RR (1.8) Ra air resistance RF fouling resistance RA appendage resistance RR rough water resistance 1.2.2 Thrust the propulsion system: Main engine, shaft and Propeller 1.2.2 Thrust Type of Propellers: Oar, Sail, water jet propulsion, nozzle propeller, counter-rotating propellers and steering propeller. Fixed pitch propeller (FPP) controllable pitch propeller (CPP) Type of Propellers-FPP 1.2.2 Thrust Propeller theories The impulse theory Blade element theor