高考英语语法完全讲解——非谓语动词课件.pptVIP

①分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、伴随等，分词作状语的逻辑主语通常是另外一个句子的主语。 Separated from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in the other countries in the world.（原因） They cut off the electricity, preventing a fire in time.（结果，表示“自然而言”的结果） Encouraged by his parents, he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.（让步） Given five more minutes, I will complete the task.（条件） The kids lay on the grass, staring at the blue sky.（伴随） ②分词作状语的形式 Building the bridge, workers can not spare any time. Having built the bridge, workers went on to build another one. Made of steel and glass, the bridge costs a lot. Being painted by workers, the museum is not open to the public. Having been painted inside and outside, the museum looks more attractive. ③分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。即分词作状语必须和句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓和动宾关系，否则一般不能使用分词作状语。 ①不定式表示将来 The car to be bought is for his sister. ②用来修饰被序数词或者最高级限定的中心词，且于中心词构成逻辑上的主动关系。 He was the best man to do the job. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. ③被修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way, time等。 Do you have the ability to read and write in English? I have no chance to go sightseeing. ④ 若不及物动词的不定式作定语，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需要有相应的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 注意：不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way时，习惯上省去不定式后面的介词。 He had no money and no place to live (in). ① 及物动词的分词形式作定语 形式 意义 现在分词（doing） 被修饰的名词与分词之间构成主动关系 过去分词（done） 被修饰的名词与分词之间构成被动关系且已完成 being+过去分词 被修饰的名词与分词之间构成被动关系且表示正在进行 The houses being built are for the teachers. Things lost never come again. I have never seen a more moving movie. 不及物动词的分词形式作定语 形式 现在分词 过去分词 意义 正在进行 已经完成 例子 boiling water 沸腾的水falling leaves 正在下落的树叶developing countries 发展中国家 boiled water 烧开过的水fallen leaves 已经落下的叶子developed countries 发达国家 不定式to be done，过去分词done和现在分词being done形式作定语的区别 形式 意义 to be done 表示被动、将来 done 表示被动、完成 being done 表示被动、正在进行 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? Listen!