英语语法的讲座系列之五.pptVIP

知识回顾Knowledge Review 2 动词特征 动名词保留了原动词的部分特性，有自己的宾语、状语和逻辑主语，有时态、语态的变化. 2.1动名词可带宾语及状语 A.带宾语 At the meeting he stressed the importance of defeating their competitors. 会上他强调了击败竞争对手的重要性。 B.带状语 Getting up early is considered a good habit. 早起被认为是一种好习惯。 c.带表语 He dreamt of becoming an astronaut.他梦想当一名宇航员。 2.2动名词的复合结构 在一般情况下，句子的主语就是动名词的逻辑主语。 Would you mind opening the window? Would you mind my opening the window? 请您把窗子打开，您不介意吧？ 我把窗子打开，您不介意吧？ 名词属格或物主代词后加动名词，即构成动名词复合结构。在此结构中，名词属格或物主代词是动名词的逻辑主语。 逻辑主语的一般规则： 1）逻辑主语是有生命名词时，用名词或代词所有格。 Tom’s coming is what we have expected.(有生命) His leaving is a great loss.(有生命） Note: 动名词做主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格；若做宾语，逻辑主语也可用通格。 Mother disliked me working late. /my true I working late is bad for my health. false Me working late is bad for my health. true false My working late is bad for my health. 2)逻辑主语时无生命名词或抽象概念名词时，只用通格。 She is fond of coffee being served after dinner. 她喜欢饭后喝点咖啡。（无生命） 3）逻辑主语是以s结尾的名词或是一个以上名词构成的词组，只用通格。 It was quite unexpected the students finishing the exam so soon.(s结尾) His sister Helen getting married last week was a great event in the town. (名词词组） I am doubtful of this being the best choice.(指示代词） 4）逻辑主语是数词、指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时，一般用通格 2.3 动名词的时态和语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 2.3.1 动名词的时态意义 动名词本身并没有独立的绝对的时态意义，其时态意义从属于句子中谓语动词的时态。 A.动名词的一般式 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或在其后发生，或表示一般情况。 1.I am thinking of getting a new dictionary.我在考虑买一本新字典。（以后，将来） 2.I approved of his taking part in the project. .我同意他参加这项工程。（同时或以后） 3. I enjoy swimming in the big river. 我喜欢在大河里游泳。 （一般情况） B.动名词完成式 所表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 He never talked to me about his having been in Paris.他从未向我讲起他到过巴黎。 （之前） 2.3.2 动名词的语态 动名词 行为 逻辑主语 主动语态 主动行为 发出动作 被动语态 被动行为 承受动作 Respecting others means being respected. 尊重他人就是尊重自己。 I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. 我听说他被选为球队的教练。 This article needs _______ 这篇文章需要修改。 The book is worth ______ again. 这本书非常值得再读一遍。 correct read correcting reading N