运算放大器稳定性和输入电容.doc

Amplifiers: Op AmpsTexas Instruments Incorporated Op amp stability and input capacitance By Ron Mancini (Email: rmancini@) Staff Scientist, Advanced Analog Products Introduction Op amp instability is compensated out with the addition ofan external RC network to the circuit. There are thousandsof different op amps, but all of them fall into two categories:uncompensated and internally compensated. Uncompen-sated op amps always require external compensation components to achieve stability; while internally compen-sated op amps are stable, under limited conditions, withno additional external components. Internally compensated op amps can be made unstablein several ways: by driving capacitive loads, by addingcapacitance to the inverting input lead, and by adding inphase feedback with external components. Adding in phasefeedback is a popular method of making an oscillator thatis beyond the scope of this article. Input capacitance ishard to avoid because the op amp leads have stray capaci-tance and the printed circuit board contributes some straycapacitance, so many internally compensated op amp circuits require external compensation to restore stability.Output capacitance comes in the form of some kind ofload—a cable, converter-input capacitance, or filter capacitance—and reduces stability in buffer configurations. Stability theory review The theory for the op amp circuit shown in Figure 1 istaken from Reference 1, Chapter 6. The loop gain, Aβ, iscritical because it solely determines stability; input circuitsand sources have no effect on stability because inputs aregrounded for the stability analysis. Equation 1 is the loop-gain equation for the resistive case where Z = R. aRG Aβ=(1) FGBeware of Equation 1; its simplicity fools people because they make the assumption that A = a, which isnot true for all cases. Stability can be determined easilyfrom a plot of the loop gain versus frequency. The criticalpoint is when the loop gain equals 0 dB (gain equals 1)beca