第四章遗传物质的变异及修复机制.PDF

第四章 遗传物质的变异 及修复机制 Molecular mechanism of mutation and DNA repair “The capacity to blunder slightly is the real marvel of DNA. Without this special attribute, we would still be anaerobic (厌氧 的) bacteria and there would be no music”. 2  Chromosome Aberration （染色体畸变） Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes  Changes in Chromosome Structure  Changes in Chromosome Number  Gene Mutation 3 第一节 染色体结构变异 Changes in Chromosome Structure Sometimes chromosome mutation can be detected by microscopic observation 4 Types of changes in chromosome structure  Deletion  Duplication  Inversion  Translocation 5 Mechanisms of change  Chromosome rearrangements can arise through physical breakage and rejoining of the DNA molecule  Such processes can either occur spontaneously or be induced by treatment with high- energy radiation such as X or γ radiation Approaches for detecting chromosome rearrangements  Chromosome banding  Polytene chromosome  Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)  Genome sequencing and single-cell sequencing  …… Chromosome banding is revealed by special staining techniques G banding Q banding C banding R banding 8 Polytene chromosome (多线染色体)  Found in the nuclei of the salivary gland （唾腺） and certain other tissues of the larvae （幼虫） of Drosophila and o