科学应用光学.ppt

上式表明:ΔL′因不同的I1值不同而不同. 即从具有不同入射角的各条光线经平行平面板折射后，具有不同的轴向位移量， 这就说明，同心光束经平行平面板后变为非同心光束，成像是不完善的。 也可以看出平行平面板的厚度d 愈大，成像不完善程度也愈大。 §4-7 determination of image orientations for mirrors and prisms y z x x′ z′ y′ Fig.4.25（a） 4.7.1 mirror and prism system with single main section mirror and prism system with single main section means that all of the main sections of the mirrors and prisms coincide with one another. If there is no roof surface in the system the orientation of z which is normal to the main section will be parallel to all of the reflecting surfaces. According to the mirror imaging properties, the object and the image are symmetrical to the mirror, so the orientation of z’ in image space will be as the same as that of z in the object space no matter how many reflections have happened. However, if there is a roof surface in the system, according to the roof surface property, the orientations z’ and z will be reversed. In this way we can easily determine the orientation of z’ in a mirror and prism system with the single main section. First of all, suppose there is no roof surfaces in the system and means z’ will be the same orientation as z. on this condition, if the total number of the reflectors is even, the image will be similar to the object, y’ and y have the same orientation if the orientation of axis x’ coincides with x, as shown in fig.4.25(a). On the contrary, if the orientation of axis x’ is reversed to x, y’ will be opposite to y, as shown in fig.4.25(b). Similarly, if the total number of the reflectors is odd, the image will be a mirror image, y’ and y have the opposite orientation of axis x’ coincides with x, as shown in fig.4.26(a). On the contrary, if the orientation of the axis x’ is reversed to x, y’ will have the same orientation as y, as shown in fig.4.26(b). Thus, for a mirror and prism system with single main section we can get the following rules, as shown in table 4.2. Table 4.2 orientation rules for y’ The emergent axis and incident(x,x