英汉词化程度对比(secondmajor).pptVIP

英汉词化对比 Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Lexicalization Instructor: Wei Haiyan On the other hand, some people think that setting off firecrackers is a bad thing. Because firecrackers are very dangerous. They might cause the fire, make the eyes blind and even kill somebody. So they must be banned. I think firecrackers needn’t be banned, but they must be limited. Firecrackers are good things, but when they make people dangerous they become bad things. So when we are setting off firecrackers, we must pay much attention to safety. 1. An introduction to Lexicalization It is the process of making a word to express a concept. Or it is the realization of a meaning in a single word or morpheme rather than in a grammatical construction. (词化是指一个短语或句子在使用过程中逐渐凝固成一个词或词项)According to Banczerowski, for the same concept or meaning, if it is expressed by a phrase, it is analytic expression (分析型表达法);if it is expressed by a word, it is synthetic expression (综合型表达法)。Obviously, synthetic expression is lexicalized expression. 2.英汉词化程度对比 2.1 derivative words 有前缀in-, inter-, en-, dis-, counter-等构成的派生词。 Inflame: 使燃烧；使交替 Interlace: 使交织；Enable Embarrass:使窘;使不好意思,使局促不安 Dispirit: 使气馁;使沮丧 Counterpoise: 使平衡 expound用例子说明, enlist谋取……的支持 disown否认同自己有关, disfigure毁损外形/容貌, ·有后缀–ize, -en, -fy, -ate等构成的派生词。 Dramatize 使……戏剧化；使惹人注目 Flatten 把……弄平；弄平；使失去光泽； Identify使等同于 isolate使孤立;使脱离 2.2 converted words 转类词 He raised his eyebrows, cocked his head, and regarded me as though measuring me for a suit. ·形容词转使役性动词 Empty 把……弄空，Perfect 使完美，Clear使明净 ·具体名词转动词 Plague 使染上瘟疫，Bog使陷入泥塘，Wrinkle使起皱纹，Powder把……弄成粉末，Frown皱眉表示反对，Hedge用树篱笆围起来 Spiral呈螺旋状上升，Diagram用图来表示，Shepherd向牧羊人一样照料，Patent获得……的专利 这些官员只是在鱼肉百姓。 小朋友们很喜欢在舞台上秀自己。 “春风又绿江南岸” 驴不胜怒蹄之 汤武身之也 Example: Johns father moved a small generator into the downstairs hallway, wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator. Wind and rain now whipped the house. Water inched its way up the steps as first- floor outside wa