蓝皮社会与文化 B1_U8TA.pptVIP

Slide * of 13 5175 Tourism and Hospitality Reading Unit 7 Text A UNIT 8 RELIGION Text A Buddhism * * Scope Pre-reading Preparation Basic Knowledge Language Focus Questions Based on Text Homework * * What is Buddhism? PRE-READING QUESTIONS * BASIC KNOWLEDGE---BUDDHA In a narrow sense, Buddha is Sakyamuni (释迦牟尼 ) who created Buddhism and who has fulfilled himself to be a Buddha. In a broad sense, Buddha is a kind of person whose sense, emotion and ability have been fulfilled to the upmost at the same time. They lead the ordinary people to get rid of the sufferings in mortal world and to a new level of life. * The “middle way of wisdom and compassion” A 2500 year old tradition that began in India and spread and diversified throughout the Far East A philosophy, religion, and spiritual practice followed by more than 300 million people Based on the teachings of the Buddha BASIC KNOWLEDGE---BUDDHISM * THE “THREE JEWELS” OF BUDDHISM Buddha – the teacher (佛) Dharma – the teachings （法） Sangha – the community（僧） * WHAT DID THE BUDDHA TEACH? The Four Noble Truths: 1. Life means suffering. (苦圣谛) 2. The origin of suffering is attachment. （集圣谛） 3. The cessation of suffering is attainable. （灭圣谛） 4. The path to the cessation of suffering. （道圣谛） * SCHOOLS The Zen School (禅宗) The Pure Land School (净土宗) The Tiantai School (天台宗) The Garland School (華嚴宗 ) The Idealistic School (法相宗) Three Treatise School (三論宗) * essence ?n. 本质，实质，要素；精髓，精华 Simplicity is the essence of good taste. ? 纯朴是情趣高尚的本质。 notion n.观念, 概念, 想法, 主张 State control is a very un-American notion. ? 实行国家控制是违背美国人观念的。 stiffen v. 使 ... 坚硬, 使坚定/强硬 The promise of a reward might stiffen their resolve. ? 答应给他们奖励可以坚定他们的决心。 LANGUAGE FOCUS * descend ?v. 下降, 降临 The sun desd the hills. ? 太阳下山了。 同义词: ?decline drop fall plunge LANGUAGE FOCUS * derive from 衍生于 retreat into 隐退 descend upon 降临 prevent from 阻止 eternal soul 永恒的灵魂 permanent essence 永恒