基于语料库的英汉被动结构对比研究-事件的理想化认知模型视角下.docxVIP

基于语料库的英汉被动结构对比研究 -事件的理想化认知模型视角下 摘要 被动结构作为常见但却很重要的语言现象，长期以来一直吸引着国内外学者的兴趣。对于被动结构的研究，过去学者采用了传统语法、结构主义、转换生成语法、认知方法以及基于语料库等方法。鉴于过去研究的缺陷与不足，本文采用认知语言学事件的理想化认知模型（EICM）理论与语料库数据相结合的方法，对英汉被动结构进行了对比分析。 基于人类经验与认知，EICM摆脱了具体语言形式的束缚。根据EICM理论，状态化事件观需要把状态概念化成一种自足的属性，而不是某种过程产生的结果。被动语态应当是自足的状态化事件。因此，汉语被动结构的原型应该是“NP （受事）+被/遭+ （致使、及物）VP”，而英语被动结构的原型应该是“NP （受事）+ be/get + （致使、及物）V-en”。此后，本文随机提取了 CCL语料库中“被”与“遭”被动结构各200例，BNC语料库中“be”与“get”被动结构各200例作为研究对象。 被动原型的数量上，英语比汉语更多。感情色彩上，汉语被动结构多含贬义，尤其是“遭”被动结构，而英语总体上没有明显的情感倾向，但“get”被动结构更常表不幸。受影响性是英语汉语被动语态的共同特征，但是汉语具有更高的受影响性。此外，被动结构的语义重心从主动句中的施事转移到了受事上。 两种语言中发现了共同的五种非原型被动结构。通过改变被动结构原型中的某一元素，经改变的这一部分往往受到强调。而这也是非原型结构产生的内在原因。 关键i司：被动结构，事件的理想化认知模型，基于语料库，对比分析 Corpus-Based Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Passive Constructions: -An Idealized Cognitive Model of Events Perspective Abstract As a common but important linguistic phenomenon, passive constructions havelong arisen scholars9 interests at home and abroad. Previous studies on passiveconstructions have adopted traditional grammar, structural, transformational,cognitive and corpus-based approaches. Seeing the deficiencies and limitations ofprevious studies, this paper tries to contrast English and Chinese passive constructionswith combination of Events of Idealized Cognitive Grammar(EICM) in cognitivelinguistics and corpus data. Based on humans experience and cognition, EICM is unshackled from constraintsof linguistic forms. According to EICM, conditional event should meet its owncontribute rather than forming an outcome of one process. Thus, passive voice shouldbe a stative event that contains itself. Therefore, prototypical Chinese passiveconstructions are “NP(patient) + be/zao + (causative, transitive) VP, and prototypicalEnglish passive constructions are NP(patient) + be/zao + (causative, transitive) V-en,9.Hence, two hundred Chinese passives with bei and zao from CCL and twohundred English passives with be and get from BNC are randomly retrieved asthe research objec