基于单片机的汽车倒车防撞系统设计.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE II 基于单片机的汽车倒车防撞系统设计 Design of Reversing Collision Avoidance System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer 摘 要： 车辆的用于防撞的体系是结合单片机基本部件予以控制的并采用超声波技术进行距离测量的一种技术，他是运用AT89C51类型的定时装置发生一定的从超声波脉冲进行计算时间的，通过时间来测量其基本距离，用12864液晶显示器显示汽车前方的障碍物距离，当距离小于安全阀值时，报警电路进行声音报警，而针对在驾驶员两侧及后方视线盲区内的障碍物，在车辆两侧以及尾部安装红外测障装置实现避碰。整个基本系统的硬件设备主要由基本的电源电路、超声波装置进行收取和发生的装置电路、红外线进行避开障碍的电路、用于显示的电路、以及报警装置的电路予以组成，并把硬件设备和软件程序有机的结合在一起，从而有效的实现每个分模块的基本功能。此系统具有成本低廉、工作可靠等优点。 关键词：AT89C51，超声波测距，红外避障 Abstract:Vehicles used for collision avoidance system is a basic components combined with single chip microcomputer to control and use of the technique of ultrasonic distance measurement technology, he is using AT89C51 type of timing device must be calculated from the ultrasonic pulse time, through the time to measure the basic distance, use 12864 LCD display shows the obstacles in front of the car distance, when the distance is less than the relief valve value, voice alarm, alarm circuit and aiming at the driver side and rear obstacles within the line of sight to blind area, and the tail installed on both sides of the vehicle collision avoidance obstacle infrared measuring device implementation. The basic system of hardware is mainly composed of basic power supply circuit, ultrasonic device for charging and proceed to avoid obstacles device circuit, infrared circuit, is used to display circuit, and alarm circuit, and the hardware and software program organic unifies in together, thus effectively realize the basic function of each points module. This system has the advantages of low cost, reliable work. Keywords:AT89C51 ultrasonic distance measurement Infrared obstruction 目 录 1 绪论 1TOC \o 1-3 \h \u 2 系统方案设计 2 3 硬件电路设计 4 3.1 单片机微控系统背景介绍以及最小系统模块设计 4 3.1.1单片机介绍 4 3.1.2复位电路 6 3.1.3晶振电路 7 3.2超声波测距模块 8 3.2.1 超声波测距原理 8 3.2.2 超声波发射模块和接收模块的基本原理 9 3.3 温度补偿模块 10 3.4液晶显示模块 11 3.5报警模块 13 3.6 红外避障传感器模块 14 3.7 紧急刹车电路模块 14 4 软件设计 15 4.1 程序设计总方案 15 4.2显示程序模块 17 4.3中断程序模块 18 4.4 温度补偿模