电子技术的发展与应用以提高南非煤炭工业健康，安全，与生产力外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docVIP

英文原文 The Development and Application of Electronic Technology to Increase Health, Safety, and Productivity in the South African Coal Mining Industry AndrC de Kock, Member, IEEE. and Jan W.Oberholzer Abstract - South Africa’s coal mining industry is of vital economic importance. This paper describes some of the major electronic achievements within that industry over the past ten to 15 years. Basic design criteria formulated for systems to be used underground is discussed. The experience gained with the implementation of the systems, especially the human factor, is examined. Future directions to be followed ’by some of the research programs are presented. Key words - Coal mining, health, productivity, remote control, safety I INTRODUCTION Coal plays a significant role in the South African economy and is second only to gold in earning foreign exchange. As a result of a lack of alternative energy sources such as oil and large scale hydroelectric power, coal is the country’s major energy source. By supplying 88% of the commercial energy requirements, coal is also, therefore, a major contributor to economic growth and industrialization. Of the 182 million tons produced in 1993, 131.9 million tons (72%) were used domestically [l]. Escom’s coal-fired power stations, together with a few local utilities, consume more than 75 million tons annually. Sasol, the only successful commercial oil-from-coal producer in the world, consumed 39 million tons in 1988, making it the second most important domestic user. Other major users include Iscor’s metallurgical plants, the cement industry, and the large municipalities. Approximately 90% of the total saleable coal is produced from the Witban/Highvelt coalfields, two of South Africa’s 19 coalfields. In 1989, South Africa’s economically recoverable coal reserves, estimated at 58 billion tons, ranked South Africa second among Western nations and fourth in global terms [2]. Most of South Africa’s coal is of a bituminous thermal grade, appr