群体遗传学1上课讲义.pptVIP

* Chapter 11 Inheritance analysis of population and evolution群体遗传学 Population genetics A branch discipline of genetics to investigate the genetic structure and variation of popualtions; that is, the discipline within genetics studies that changes in gene and genotype frequencies, and the factors that alter the frequencies such as selection, mutation, migration, as well as random genetic drift by the mathematical and statistical method, thus to explore the mechanism of biology evolution 群体遗传学 一门研究群体的遗传结构及其变化规律的遗传学分支学科，应用数学和统计学的方法研究在群体中的基因频率和基因型频率以及影响这些频率的选择效应和突变作用、迁移和遗传漂变作用与遗传结构的关系，由此来探讨进化的机制 Population and gene pools群体与基因库 Individuals can carry only two different alleles of a given gene. A group of individuals can carry a larger number of different alleles, giving rise to a reservoir of genetic diversity. The diversity contained in the population can be measured by the Hardy-Weinberg Law. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation, and other factor such as drift, migration, and selection can alter the amount of genetic variation in population Mendelian population and gene pool A population is a group of individuals from the same species that lives in the same geographic area, and that actually or potentially interbreeds. A gene pool consists of all gametes made by all the breeding members of a population in single generation The genetic structure of population Frequencies of all the genes and various genotypes consisted of them in a population 群体与基因库 一群能够相互繁殖的个体，它们享有一个共同的基因库 ，在有性繁殖生物中一个物种就是一个最大的孟德尔群体 群体遗传学中在一个世代所有个体共有的全部基因定义为一个基因库 群体的遗传结构：指群体中各种基因的频率和由不同的交配体所带来的各种基因型频率 Genotype frequency基因型频率 The Hardy-Winberg Law哈德-温伯格定律 1. The frequency of alleles does not change from generation to generation; in other words, the population does not evolve 2. After one generation of random mating, offspring genotype frequencies can be predicted from the parent allele frequencies 一、等位基因频率没有改变，代代相传。换句话说，群体不进化 二、 经过一个世代的随机交配，后代基因型频率可以从亲代等位基因频率进行预测，并保持平衡 A set of s