清政府对日俄战争的因应初探——以盛宣怀的行动为线索.pdfVIP

华东师范大学硕士学位论文 内容摘要 日本与俄国开战之时，盛宣怀作为商约大臣正在上海办理对外商约交涉事 宜。此时盛宣怀因丁忧开去职缺，轮、电二局又为袁世凯所夺，与张之洞关系也 颇为不睦，正处于仕途生涯的低谷期。日俄战争的爆发为他提供了有所作为、重 获中枢认可的机会，因而他积极行动，奉命行事。盛宣怀在此期间不仅联合其他 督抚大员上书清廷，又主持上海万国红十字会救援东北难民行动、开展对日生铁 贸易、抚恤日本伤兵、主办“周生有案”交涉，作为清政府一些内外政策的执行 者，发挥了举足轻重的作用。通过努力，盛宣怀的仕途状况有所好转，成功起复。 更值得注意的是，日俄战争期间清政府在大政方针上自始至终坚持中立政策，同 时又注重维护国家权益与民众利益。具体而言，清政府积极介入日俄战事，以图 战后收回东三省；清政府大力支持上海万国红十字会救援东三省民众的行动，使 其成效显著；对于日俄两国侵犯中国中立的行为，清政府能够及时、坚决地加以 反驳。 盛宣怀在日俄战争时期积极行动，既有奉命行事以获得朝廷青睐的初衷，也 有心忧时局、致力于缓解内忧外患的考量。盛宣怀的行为与清政府的内外政策紧 密联系在一起，因此也可得知清政府灵活执行中立政策，致力于维护国家权益和 民众利益，并促进变法改革的进一步深化。 关键词：日俄战争，盛宣怀，清政府，中立 V 华东师范大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT When the Russo-Japanese war broke out, Sheng Xuanhuai, a minister of commercial treaty had been negotiating with officers of other countries about commercial treaty in Shanghai. At that time, Sheng Xuanhuai stayed his low level in official career, which result from three reasons: first, he left office because of his father’s dying; Second, his companies (China Merchants Steamship Navigation Company and Telegraph Administration) occupied by Yuan Shikai; Third, he maintained a bad relationship with Zhang Zhidong. The breakout of the Russo-Japanese war provided a chance for Sheng Xuanhuai to do something and accepted by Qing government, so he actively took action according to these orders. During this period, Sheng Xuanhuai not merely submitted memorials to the throne together with some viceroys, but also rescued refugee in the three northeast provinces of China through conducting International Red Cross Society of Shanghai, developed pig iron trading with Japan ，comforted and compensated