语言学同的义词和反义词.pptVIP

Antonym S Synonym Definition 今 Antonym(反义词) A word that means the opposite of another word such as empty is an antonym of full 冷 Synonym(同义词) A word that means the same or nearly the same as another word, such as bucket and pal Content g1. Three main sub-types: -Gradable Antonym Complementary Antonym --Converse Antonym g The usage of antonym 冷2. Two main sub-types: Absolute Synonym Relative Synonym (1) Gradable antonym等级反义词 冷 Features of them: First, GRadabLE. That is. the members of a pair differ in terms of degree.每对的成员在程度 上有区别。 (1) The denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of the other对一方的否定并非是对另方的肯定。 (2 )can be modified byvery (3) have comparative and superlative degrees (4) intermediate degrees may be lexicalized (sometimes) 冷这样一对反义词在语义的直线坐标上离开 点距离应是相等的,但是可以有它们的 项,也可能有它们的外项。 例如以hot(热的)和col(冷的)这二对反义 词来看,它们可以有内项Warm(温的)和 coo(源 又如,以9od(好的)和bad(坏的)这一对 反义词来看,它们可有外项 excellent(极 好的)和 Terrible(极糟的) Second, antonyms of this kind are graded against different norms.这种类型的反义词以不同的 规范划分等级 s Criterion varies with the object described. For example: the comparision between a big car and a small plane Third, one member of a pair, usually the term for the higher degree, serves as the cover term 对反义词中,通常那个较高程度的词用作覆盖整个量级的术语。 The cover term is called unmarkedi.e. usual覆盖性词称为“无标记词” 即一般词汇 The covered marked被覆盖的词语称为“标记词” Unmarked marked 名词: man woman uthor authoress lioness 形容词 deep shallow 名词: length长度 height高度wdth宽度 EXamples: How old are you? How ta∥ is his brother? How do you like your food? (2) Complementary antonym互补反义关系 令 Three features . s First, The members of a pair are complementary. 令每对之间互补。 (1The assertion of one means the denial of the other, and the denial of one means the assertion of the other (2)cant be modified byvery (3)Do not have comparative and superlative degree (4)Do not have intermediate degrees E.g. alive-dead male-female present-absent true-false Second, the norm in this type is absolute 划分规范是绝对的 .. Third, there is no cover term for the two m