语言学发音英文版.pptVIP

CS551/652: Structure of Spoken Language ecture 2: Spectrogram Reading and Introductory phonetics John-Paul hosom Fall 2010 Spectrogram Reading Why bother?? Whats the point of spectrogram reading? Do people read spectrograms as part of their job? Do computersreadspectrograms in order to recognize speech? There are some jobs that require spectrogram reading(e.g. phonetic time alignment, but not many. Automatic speech recognition systems do not process speech in this way Primary reason for spectrogram reading: If you re going to work on a problem, its advisable to understand the nature of that problem. Spectrogram readin provides a direct method forhands-on learning of the characteristics of speech. Studying phonetics, signal processing, or techniques in speech recognition/speech synthesis does not fully convey the complexity and structure of spoken language More Formant Data 3500 2000 1500 2500记一 三 700 1200 600 (source unknown) Phonetics: Introduction Phonolo A description of the systems and patterns of sounds that occur in a language(abstract), often involving comparisons between languages and/or evolution of a language over time Phonetics a branch of phonology that deals with individual speech sounds their production and their written representation Phoneme A unit of speech that can be used to differentiate words e. gcat/ k ae t/ vs.‘bat”baet) Phonemes identify minimal pairs in a language. The set of phonemes in a language subject to interpretation most languages have 20 to 40 phonemes Phonetics: Introduction Allophone A speech sound constituting one of the systematic phonetic variants of a given phoneme. Different allophones are predictable from environment(e.g. toe, caught ¨ fitness”,“ writer;“sil,stl”,spil”) one An acoustic realization of a phoneme. (Many different phones may represent the same phoneme. he phoneme//consists of more than 100 allophones Pickett, The Acoustics of Speech Communication, P. 7 Phonemes indicated by // phones(allophones)indicated by