英语词语翻翻译的技巧.pptVIP

词的翻译技 巧 1.词义的选择 辨析词义 令英语词义灵活多变,一词多义( Polysemy)现象十分普遍。 今“词本无义,义随人生( Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for them.)”, 令“词义随上下文而变( Each word when used in a new context is a new word. ◆《红楼梦》的译者 David hawks把卜世仁英译成 Hardly Human,他很 巧妙地创造了一个英文姓,译出了声音,又暗含“不是人”的隐义, 实在难得。A.L, Huxley写过一篇文章,题为 Two or Three graces 说是有个叫 Grace的女人,嫁了三次,三次改变其性格,某高手将其 译为“二三其德”,也是妙笔。 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 BAn: Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good [译文]:审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利 [注释]:本句中lke作介词,意为像 但lke作动词用 ,则意为喜欢;想要。例如: He likes films with y endings.(他喜 欢结局好的电影。)又如: Would you| like to leave a message?(你要不 要留个话几?)此外e还可以作形容词用,意为”相同的如:[ke charges repel; unlike charges attract(电荷同性相斥,异性相吸。) 令2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 ◆例如:① Shakespeare has been interested in his familys arms. 莎士比亚对他家族的武器感兴趣。(错) sHakespeare snuggled hard for his fathers coat of arms 莎士比亚为父亲的上衣拼争。(错) 今当我们细细品尝这两个句子时,就会发现arms在这里只当汉语里的 “纹章”、“徽章”讲。 、适当选词 令一般说来,英语词义比较灵活,词的涵义范围比较宽,比较 丰富多变,词义对上下文的依赖性比较大,独立性比较小。 汉语词义比较严谨,词的涵义范围比较狭窄,比较精确、固 定,词义的伸缩性和对上下文的依赖性较小,独立性比较大。 英语一向被认为是一种适应性、可塑性比较强的语言,它的 适应性和可塑性突出地表现在词义的灵活性上 ◆1)一些词在特定的搭配中表示特殊的含义。 funny ◆褒义① a funny story滑稽的故事 ② a funny writer风趣的作家 ③ He is being funny.他在逗乐。 ◆中性① There is something funny about the matter 事情有点蹊跷 ◆② a funny black ha古怪的黑帽子 ◆贬义①Youl‖ be sorry if you try anything funny in class 你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样,肯定要后悔的 ② She is a bit funny sometimes她有时候有点疯疯癫癫的 ③ Dont get funny with your boss!不得对老板放肆! 三词义的引申 抽象化引申 1. Every life has its roses and thorns 生活有苦有甜。 2. wonder whether he is a Trojan horse 我不知道他是不是内奸。 3. There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference 过去有过这种情况:移民限制极为严格,不许任何 人出于个人考虑而迁居他国。 具体化引申 1. A real good friend should be one offering timely help. IT 正的好朋友应该是雪中送炭 2.The wedding, which John still remembered with pride, was attended by a Whos Who of Boston Society 参加婚礼的人士皆为波士顿社会名流。约翰回想起婚礼,仍 感到非常得意 3. While there are almost as many definiti