写作基础技能用词和标点符号造句段落.pptVIP

第二讲写作基础技能:用词与 标点符号、造句、段落 ecture: Chang Liang 文稿格式 1)论文标题 题目中出现的单词应该大写(包括复合词在连字 符后面的词),但冠词、并列连词(and,or,but, nor,for)、介词和不定式to除外,例如 y First visit to the Palace Museum Dickens and David Copperfield What Can the Artist Do in the World of Today? The Myth of aNegro literature 题目后不加句号。如题目是疑问句,应加问号。题目中引 用的词语或文章的标题应加引号;书名用斜体标明。 2)大写 大写字母主要用于三处:句子的开头,标题中的实义词和 专有名词。 引语(两个引号之间的部分)如果是完整的句子,也用大 写字母开头。如引用的一句话分成两部分,放在两对引号 之中,第二部分不用大写开始。 Eg: He said, My trip to mount Tai was interesting but tiring My trip to Mount Tai, he said, was interesting but tiring.” 写作的用词 1)词的类型 常用的词,如按文体分,有正式的、一般的、口语的三 种 正式的词也可称作学术性的词、文雅的词、或“大词” 这类词主要用于正式文体,如学术性或理论性著作,政 治和法律文件,以及正式的演讲活报告。这类词多有 个以上的音节,多数源于希腊或拉丁文。 一般词汇是指人们常用的并在多种文体中出现的词汇。 口语词是指主要用于非正式的、随便的谈话中,很少出 现于正式文章中的词汇。 区别一下三段文字的用词类型: When I was a kid, and reading every science fiction book in the local library, I used to wonder exactly how the future would happen. But that I dont mean what the future would be like-science fiction already told me that-but rather how wed actually get there. · There’ s a lot of tension behind that. You got to watch all the time. Youre watchinthe drivers. youre watchin other cars. Most of time you have to drive for the other drivers to avoid hitting them. So you take the tension home with you There is nothing new in the recognition, within a given language, of a distinction between common usage and uses of the language for more restricted purposes and often enough, perhaps characteristically, more elevated purposes. 2)词义 一般说来,源出拉丁语和法语的词要比源 出盎格鲁-萨克逊语的词更加正式一些,例 如 Ask question interrogate Time age epoch Rise mount ascend 标点符号 1.逗号(,) 逗号表示句子内部的一般性停顿 在并列句中,连词(and,but,or,for,so, nor,yet)点前面用逗号 He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered We were tired and we decided to have a rest Come early, or you ll miss the show 如果两个或两个以上并列从句都很简短, 意思有紧密相连,它们之间可不用连词只 用逗号: A memoir is history, it is based on evidence. -E.M. Forster 逗号的这种用法是特殊情况,有时在文学 作品中见到。