祈使句的用法讲解.docVIP

祈使句的用法讲解 1、概述 祈使句(imperative sentence表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。主语you通常省略,句末用叹号或句号。 Knock at the door before entering, please.进来时请敲门!(建议 Try some of this juice---perhaps you’ll take it.尝点这种果汁,也许你会要。(建议 Look out! There is a train coming.注意!火车来了!(提醒 Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 请穿结实的鞋子,因为我们要走许多的路。(叮嘱 At the beginning, collect as many stamps as you can. 开始时,尽可能多多地收集邮票。(建议 Leave her where she is ! 让她留在原地!(命令 Put your coat at once. We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服。我们必须快点。(命令 Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能,来献血吧,这会挽救很多人的生命。(号召 2、祈使句的另外表达方式 (1“No+名词或动名词” 表示祈使句 “No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止的祈使,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No spitting!不准随地吐痰! No litter! 不准乱扔果皮纸屑!No entry!不许入内! No thoroughfare!禁止通行!No scribbling on the wall!墙上不准涂写! No admittance except on business!非公莫入! (2“have d one…”结构表示祈使句 这种结构相当于stop doing,意为“禁止”。有时表示“结束、停止”。 Have done scolding him. 不要再责备他了。 Have done!住手! Have done running!跑完了!(别跑了! (3“be+V-ed”结构表示祈使句 Be guided by reason!理智些!Be seated! 请坐! Be persuaded by your father! 听你父亲的话!Be gone! 滚! (4“be+ V-ing” 结构表示祈使句 Don’t be lo oking out of the window! 勿将头伸出窗外! Do be doing your homework when I come in.我进来时,你一定在做作业吧! (5无动词祈使句 一般来讲,祈使句都要有动词,但是有些用于口号、告示等的祈使句却是没有动词。主要有:名词短语;介词短语;名词+代词/副词/形容词;形容词+名词/代词;副词+with 等。 Don’t all speak at once! One at a ti me, please.不要一起说,一次一个! One more week, and we’ll accomplish the task.再给我一星期,我就会完成任务。 Patience! 耐心点!Your turn. 轮到您了。After you! 您先请! Now for it! 干起来吧!On with your cap. 带上帽子。Danger!危险! Poison!有毒!Over! 完毕!Bottom up!干杯! None of that again! 不要在那样!None of your nonsense!不要胡说八道! Hand up!举起手来!Hands off!无动手! Off with it!把它拿下来!Up with the box!把箱子放下! Eyes left!向右看齐!None of your impudence!休要无理! None of your little trick! 不要再玩鬼把戏! (6let祈使句 ①Let’s祈使句 let’s引导的祈使句,包括听话者本人在内,表示建议,反意问句用shall we。相当于I (We suggest that you and I(we…。 Let’s begin, shall we?我们开始好吗? Let’s go home.我们回家吧! ②Let me(us, him, her, it, them 祈使句 该结构引导的祈使句表示请求对方允许自己干某事,不包括对方(you在内,let相当于allow,意为please allow us…或you allow us ,反意问句要用will you。 Let a