组织学与胚胎学课件：组 织 学 绪 论2014.pptVIP

Highlight of this chapter What is Histology? Preparation of paraffin section (basophilia, acidophilia) What is observed by TEM, and by SEM in cell and tissue (electron dense and electron lucent) ? What is PAS? 组织学与胚胎学 Histology and Embryology Chapter 1 Introduction of Histology Ⅰ. What is Histology? Histology is the study of the fine structure of human body and its related functions. cell and tissue , organ and system 1665 year, Hook Robert (English)----cell 1801 year, Bichat (French)----tissue 1838 year, Schwann and Schleiden ----cell 1932 year, Ruska and Knoll ---- electron microscope basic tissues of human body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue and nerve tissue  The Important Standing of Histology in medicine Structure of human body (anatomy histology) Function of human body(physiology biochemistory) Changed structure by diseases (pathology) Changed function by diseases (Path phasiology) Disease of diagnosis Classification of disease internal medicine surgery pediatrics gynecology Ⅱ. Histologic Methods 1. Preparation of Tissue Section Measure unit：micrometer,μm (0.2 μm) 1.1 Fixation To avoid tissue digestion by enzymes within the cells or by bacteria and to preserve the structure and molecular composition Fixative: formaldehyde, alcohol so on dehydration: ethanol (graded series ) clearing: xylene Paraffin embedding (routine) 1.2 Embedding 1.3 Sectioning Microtome, 5-10 μm tissue section Smear Spread section Ground section Cryostat: frozen section 1.4 Staining HE staining : Hematoxylin and eosin  Basophilia, acidophilia, neutrophilia 异染性 Metachromasia (mast cell) 嗜银性 Argyrophilia Ⅲ.Electron microscopy light wavelength: 369-760nm electron beam wavelength: 0.012nm resolving power 0.1-0.2nm( 1nm=1/1000μm ) Transmission electron microscopy, TEM ultr