海水物理性质精编.pptVIP

Review The shape and size of the earth Pear-shaped; average radius(6371km); rotation rate (7.3×105s51);L(1°)+11113km;L(1)←1.852km 1 nautica|mle(海里)≥=1.852km;1kts(节)=1 nautical mile/hour=0.51m/s Distribution of ocean and land Land and water are not uniformly distributed on the surface of the earth · Ocean and sea Four Principle ocean Hydrological features of ocean, sea, fjord(bay), strait(channel) §2海水的物理性质 Physical Properties of Sea Water 2.1 Water Most common substance on the earths surface Ocean water makes up 98%of water Inventory 96.5% is water.3.5% is salt and dissolved minerals Accumulated on the surface from mass degassing of earths interior.. still ha but much less Only substance that exists naturally it states in the normal temperature rang Solid, liquid, and gas 分子结构( Molecular structure):极性,分子缔合力 Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Water molecule Hydrogen Hydrogen Bonds-polar molecules give water a structure that is responsible for a number of unique and important properties 溶解力强:水分子有很强的极性 Water ma rth publi 密度变化异常 l000 Maximum density 3.98c) 0998 096 Liquid water 094 6 og1ub-kce 0972 0970 3985 10 Temperature(c ()DENSITY OF WATER 不遵从“热胀冷缩”。最大密度时温度是4摄氏度 密度变化异常是由水分子的缔合造成的 Molecular structure vate Gas Polymer SOLID WATER LIQUID WATER GASEOUS WATER 温度4,有利于水分子的缔合;冻结为冰时,全部缔合成一个巨大的分子缔合体(分子晶 体).由于晶体结构排列松散,故密度减小.当温度从0÷4度以前,主要过程是较大的缔合分 子逐渐分解成为较小的分子,所以体积收缩,密度增大.4度时,热运动加强,导致体积膨 胀,密度所温度增高而减小 热性质特殊 100 o Measured valu x Expected values s Sulfur H2O Se selenium Te Tellurium H Hydrogen Boiling temperatures HTe HS temperatures Molecular weight(moles) (b)MELTING AND BOILING TEMPERATURES OF WATER 沸点( boiling point)和融点( melting point)、比热( specific heat)、蒸发潜热 atent heat of vaporization)等热性质比氧的同族化合物高 2.2温度、盐度和密度的概念及关系 Temperature, Salinity and density Lehodey, P. et aL., 2000. El Nino southern oscillation EvE OE 18E BCE low wow 12w tarw wow and tuna in the western Pacific. Science gure 1 Dist pack Tuna catch (tonnes and mean oncf the warm poal (SST 28-29 C and the detrbut on ot