social psychology 社会心理学简述导论.pptxVIP

Social Psychology Chapter 16: Social Psychology Today’s topics Attribution Theory Attitudes Conformity and Obedience Altruism Bystander Intervention Social Psychology Chapter 16: Social Psychology Social psychology - the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another - How does the presence of other people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behavior? Attribution Theory Chapter 16: Social Psychology Attribution Theory suggests how we explain someone’s behavior – we either attribute it to the person’s disposition or to the situation dispositional attribution - behavior caused by factors internal to the person situational attribution – behavior caused by external factors Fundamental Attribution Error Chapter 16: Social Psychology Fundamental Attribution Error - tendency to overestimate internal factors (e.g. traits or attitudes), and to underestimate situational factors in explaining behavior Example: poor grades - we tend to attribute poor grades to something internal (unintelligent or lazy), rather than situational (family problems) Actor-Observer Effect Chapter 16: Social Psychology Actor-Observer Effect - tendency for the actor (the person performing a behavior) to attribute the behavior to the situation and for the observer (the person watching the actor behave) to attribute the same behavior to the actor’s disposition. Attitudes Chapter 16: Social Psychology Attitudes - feelings we have toward an object, person, or idea - based on our beliefs - affect our behavior Do you believe nuclear plants are safe? Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon Chapter 16: Social Psychology Foot-in-the-door phenomenon – the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later to a larger request Freedman Fraser (1966) - went door to door saying they were from the Committee for Safe Driving - asked to sign petition asking senators to work for legislation to encourage safe driving - almost all agreed to s