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非谓语动词与从句之间的关系及转换
非谓语动词与从句间的相互关系及转换 : 英语中的非谓语动词是整个英语语法当中非常重要的部分, 也是英语学习的一个难点。 非谓语动词作句子成分时与相应的从句有着千丝万缕的联系,它们之间可以有条件的进行相互转换。
一、非谓语动词与从句的相互关系
(一) 不定式和分词作定语相当于定语从句
不定式通常位于被修饰名词后。 与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 如果不定式与所修饰名词在意思上是被动且逻辑上的主语不出现时,要用不定式的被动
式,与所修饰名词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 分词作定语时, 单个分词置于名词之前,分词短语置于名词之后, 与名词构成主谓关系或被动主谓关系。 定语从句和不定式、分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式,本质是相同的。
例如: I have many letters to type .(动宾关系 ) → I have many letters which I should type .
I have many letters to be typed .( 被动主谓关系 )
→ I have many letters which are to be typed by others .
The standing people shouted at the dean .( 主谓关系 )
(二) 不定式和分词作状语相当于状语从句
1.不定式多作目的状语和结果状语.故可以转化为相应的目的状语从句和结果状语从句。
例如: Mother got up early to catch the early bus . (目的状语)
→Mother got up early 80 as to (in order to) catch the early bus .
→Mother got up early 80 that (in order that) she might catch the early bus .
【注意】 80 as to 和 80 that 不可放在句首。
She is too young to join the army . (结果状语 )
She is 80 young that she cannot join the army .
2.分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式和让步等,相当于相应状语的
从句。如果分词的逻辑主语与主句主语一致, 则用现在分词; 如果分词的逻辑主语与主句是被动关系且主语一致时, 则用过去分词。 分词作状语时, 如果其带有逻辑的主语,称为分词的独立主格结构。 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语无语法联系。
例如: Seeing those pictures .he couldnt help thinking of the unforgettable days in New York . (时间状语 )
→When he saw those pictures .he couldn ’t help thinking of the unforgettable days in New Y0rk .
二、非谓语动词与从句的相互转换
(一) 不定式与从句之间的转换
1.不定式作主语可转换成主语从句。
例如: When and where(for .8)to hold the meeting is unknown yet
→When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown yet .
2.不定式作宾语或宾补可转换成宾语从句。
例如: I dont know what to do with the matter .
→I dont know what I should do with the matter .
3.不定式作表语可转换成表语从句。
例如: My wish is to become a pilot after graduation .
→My wish is that I can become a pilot after graduation .
4.不定式作定语可转换成定语从句。
例如: The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance .
→The meeting that /which will be held is of great importance .
5.不定式作且的、结果、原因状语可转换成相应的状语从句。
例如: They Started off early in order to(so as to)arrive in time .
→They started of early in order that(so that)they
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