现代制造关键技术专业英语阅读材料分段.docVIP

Cast iron 1.铸铁 Cast iron is a general term applied to a wide range of iron-carbon-silicon alloy combination with smaller percentages of several other elements. Cast iron has been used in various industrial fields. Fig.R1-1 shows the cylinder block made by cast iron. It is an iron containing so much carbon or its equivalent. It is not malleable. Quite obviously, cast iron has a wide range of properties, since small percentage variations of its elements may cause considerable change. Cast iron should not be thought of as a metal containing a single element, but rather, as one having in its composition at least six elements. All cast iron has still other elements, which should not be thought of as impurities, for they all have important effects on the physical properties. Pure iron, known as ferrite, is very soft and has few uses in industrial work. Regulating the elements other than ferrite in the cast iron controls all desirable properties, such as strength, hardness and machinability. 铸铁是一个总称，包含范围广泛铁碳硅合金结合小百分比其它多个要素。铸铁开始用于多种工业领域。图R1-1所表示汽缸座用铸铁制造。这是铁含有了太多碳或其它等效物质。这是不可铸造。很显著，铸铁含有广泛性能，因为其元素小百分比改变可能会引发相当大改变。铸铁不应被认为是一个金属包含一个单独元素，而是，作为一个含有最少六个元素组成。全部铸铁含有铁，碳，硅，锰，磷，硫。合金铸铁还有其它元素，其它元素不应该被认为是杂质，因为她们全部物理性质相关键影响。纯铁，称为铁素体，很软，几乎没有用于工业生产。其它元素在铸铁铁素体调整控制全部理想性质，如强度，硬度和可铸造性。 The cast iron family includes gray, ductile (also called nodular), white, malleable and high-alloy irons. 铸铁系列包含灰口铸铁，球墨铸铁（也被称为nodular），白口铸铁，可锻铸铁和高合金铸铁。 Gray iron is itself a family of casting alloys, and is the most widely used, with an annual production several time the total for all other metals cast. 灰口铸铁本身所属种类是铸造合金，是应用最广泛，每十二个月生产总量是几倍于其它铸铁。 A relatively new type of cast iron is ductile iron-also called nodular iron .As its name implies, ductile iron offers more ductility than gray iron, plus higher strength. 一个新型球墨铸铁称为球墨铸铁。顾名思义，球墨铸铁含有比灰口铸铁更具延展性，加上高强度。 2.Heat Treatment of Steel 2.钢热处理 Heat treatment is a method by which the heat treater can change the physical properties of metal .There are three main operatio