研究应用生学术英语翻译.docVIP

Writing a literature review 撰写文件综述 A literature review is a very important part of the research project.It may be a self-contained review or a part of the introduction to an academic essay.In either case,its purpose is to demonstrate a clear understanding of the topic being investigated.Namely,your literature review must tell what has been done on the topic,what different scholars have said about their own research,what major findings have been published,and what controversial area exist.A good literature review can enhance the credibility of your research by indicating that your present study is based on a thorough and critical knowledge of what has been done in the field. Before writing,to be critical,you must ask questions like these about each book or article you read: 文件综述是研究项目标一个关键组成部分。它能够是一个独立综述或是一个学术论文引言一部分。在每一个情况下，它目标全部是表明对所研究课题有一个清楚认识。即你文件综述必需告诉大家对这一专题已经做了什么，不一样学者是怎么说自己研究，什么结果是已经发表 ，和什么地方是有争议存在。一个好文件综述能够提升你研究可信性经过表明你现在研究是基于在该领域已被报道知识全方面，批判了解。 在写作之前，关键是，相关你读每一本书或文章，你必需问这么问题： .Is the problem clearly defined?Is its significance clearly established? .Could the problem have been approached more effectively from another perspective or an another theory? .Is the author’s research orientation(e.g.descriptive,critical,empirical)appropriate? .Is there a theoretical framework and is it appropriate to the research(e.g.psychological,developmental,cognitive,feminist)? .Has the author evaluated the literature relevant to the problem/issue?Does the author include literature taking positions she or he does not agree with? .How reliable are the basic components of the study design(e.g.population,variables,outcome)?How accurate and valid are the methods used?Is the analysis of the data accurate and relevant to the research question?Are the conclusions validly based upon the data and analysis? Does the author avoid using one-sided examples,or rhetorically-charged language and tone?Is there an objective basis to the reasoning? In what ways does this book or article