医学遗传学教学课件：Counseling-Ethical.pptVIP

In this pedigree, what is the probability that individual S is affected? Aa aa S Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅲ-1 is a carrier Ⅲ-1 is not a carrier Prior probability 1/4 3/4 Conditional probability 1/2×1/2×1/2=1/8 1 Joint probability 1/4×1/8=1/32 3/4 ×1=3/4 Posterior probability (1/32)/(1/32+24/32)=1/25 (24/32)/(1/32+24/32)=24/25 She will have an affected son: 1/25×1/2=1/50 X-linked recessive What is the probability that the woman M will have an affected son? M The mother is a carrier The mother is not a carrier Prior probability 1/2 1/2 Conditional probability 1/8 1 Joint probability 1/2×1/8=1/16 1/2 ×1=1/2 Posterior probability (1/16)/(1/16+1/2)=1/9 (1/2)/(1/16+1/2)=8/9 She will have an affected son: 1/9×1/2=1/18 Major Ethical and Policy Issues in Medical Genetics Genetic testing Privacy of genetic information Misuse of genetic information Genetic screening Ethical issues in genetic testing Prenatal testing, especially for non-disease traits or sex Testing asymptomatic adults for genotypes that predisposition to late- onset diseases Testing of asymptomatic children for genotypes that predisposition to adult- onset diseases NC F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 PC M 1 2 3 4 5 20y 19y 7y Thank you and best wishes to you all! * Genetic Counseling and Risk AssessmentEthical Issues in Medical Genetics Determining recurrence risks The process of genetic counseling Ethical issues in medical genetics Outline TO MASTER: What is genetic counseling Risks estimation by use of conditional probability when alternative genotypes are possible Major ethical policy in medical genetics What is genetic counseling? A process of communication to provide information and support to families at risk for having, or who already have, members with birth defects or genetic disease. In common disorders → given by the family doctor, the pediatrician or the obstetrician. RECENTLY ,by Genetic Counselor. Genetic Counselor (GC) is a healt