英汉双语材料力学8.pptVIP

CHAPTER 8 ;材料力学;CHAPTER 8 STHENGTH THEORIES;第八章 强度理论;1、Opening words：;一、引子：;2、Theories of strength：Some assumptions about the cause of the strength failure of materials . ;二、强度理论：是关于“构件发生强度失效（failure by lost strength）起因”的假说。;§8–2 FOUR STRENGTH THEORIES AND THEIR EQUIVALENT STRESSES;§8–2 四个强度理论及其相当应力;2、Theory of the maximum tensile strain（the second strength）： This theory considers the main cause of rupture to be the maximum tensile strain. The member will rupture as the maximum tensile strain reaches the limit strain in axial tension ;二、最大伸长线应变（第二强度）理论： 认为构件的断裂是由最大伸长线应变引起的。当最大伸长线应变达到单向拉伸试验下的极限应变时，构件就断了。;3、Theory of the maximum shearing stress（the third strength）： This theory considers the main cause of rupture to be the maximum shearing stress. The member will rupture as the maximum shearing stress reaches the limit shearing stress in axial tension. ;三、最大剪应力（第三强度）理论： 认为构件的屈服是由最大剪应力引起的。当最大剪应力达到单向拉伸试验的极限剪应力时，构件就破坏了。;4、Theory of the maximum torsional (shearing)strain energy (the fourth strength）： This theory consider the main cause of yield to be the distortional strain energy. . The member will rupture as the distortional strain energy reaches the distortional strain energy of yield in axial tension ;四、形状改变比能（第四强度）理论： 认为构件的屈服是由形状改变比能引起的。当形状改变比能达到单向拉伸试验屈服时形状改变比能时，构件就破坏了。;§8–3 MOHR’S STRENGTH THEORY AND ITS EQUIVALENT STRESS;§8–3 莫尔强度理论及其相当应力;Approximate envelope;近似包络线;1)、Criterion of failure：;[? y];3、Equivalent stress：（unified form of strength conditions）;三、相当应力：（强度准则的统一形式）。;§8–4 APPLICATIONS OF STRENGTH THEORIES;§8–4 强度理论的应用; 2、Rules to select strength theories: decide according to the form of failure. ;二、强度理论的选用原则：依破坏形式而定。;Solution：Stressed state at the critical point A is shown in the figure：;解：危险点A的应力状态如图：;A;[例2] 薄壁圆筒受最大内压时,测得?x=1.88?10-4, ?y=7.37?10-4,已知钢的E=210GPa，[?]=170MPa,泊松比?=0.3，试用第三强度理论校核其强度。;Solution：Plot the diagram of Mohr’theory;破坏判据：;Sowing the above simultaneous equations, we get:;强度理论;